The Gloucester was a 17th century warship that sunk to the bottom of the sea 340 years ago off the coast of Norfolk in the United Kingdom, with over well over 100 passengers dying. "It instantly felt like a privilege to be there, it was so exciting. To aid navigation, the crew had been using The English Pilot, an atlas created by the cartographer John Seller. Imagine just seeing a massive ship that's been long-gone for centuries and you were the ones to find it! The ship was ordered in December 1652, built at Limehouse in East London, and launched in 1654.The warship was conveying James Stuart, Duke of York (the future King James II of England) to . The New Dock at Sharpness was dug to a depth of 24ft to suit the much larger ships that this dock was intended for. Charles II, aware of his own failing health and his lack of a legitimate child, was becoming increasingly anxious to rehabilitate James at the centre of government, Nigel Pickford, author of Samuel Pepys and the Strange Wrecking of the Gloucester: A True Restoration Tragedy, explains in a lecture given to Royal Museums Greenwich Members in 2021. Album. Next year's exhibition, entitled 'The Last Voyage of the Gloucester: Norfolks Royal Shipwreck, will display finds from the wreck and share ongoing historical, scientific and archaeological research. Between 130 and 250 of the estimated 330 passengers on board perished, including leading figures such as the nobleman Robert Ker, Earl of Roxburghe. Finally a Gloucester page where you can discuss community and politics. The wreck of a Royal warship that sank 340 years ago carrying the future King James II has been discovered by amateur divers. That was special, and Ill never forget it. As French wine was prohibited in England at the time (due to Frances association with Catholicism), the researchers are eager to find out if any jugs in the Gloucesters stash hailed from there. 15:39 GMT 20 Jun 2022. The frigate Gloucester (spelt Glocester by contemporary sources) is a Speaker-class third rate, commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Gloucester after the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660. The revolution created a new type of state, contributed greatly to the modern world and might not have happened had he died at sea, the UEA said. Read about our approach to external linking. However, the discovery was only made public in June 2022following the ships formal identification. James however was reluctant to abandon ship. hide. James II, thought as largely responsible for the sinking of HMS Gloucester and resulting loss of life, has also been condemned in the modern day for his links with the slave trade. The aim was to bring them back to King Charles II's court in London in time, it was hoped, for the birth of a legitimate male heir. Between 130 and 250 people (of approximately 330 passengers and crew in total on board) are estimated to have died. Divers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell found HMS Read more on gloucestershirelive.co.uk Although the team discovered the 340-year-old shipwreck in 2007, it was not until the ship's bell was recovered in 2012 that the Receiver of Wreck and Ministry of Defence decisively identified it. The Mary Rose is a warship than sank in 1545 and then rediscovered back in 1982. The hapless pilot was sentenced to life in prison, though Charles II did release him after only a year. The shipwreck was found in 2007. The exhibition jointly curated by the University of East Anglia and Norfolk Museums Service will be staged for five months at Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery from spring next year. On January 10, 1977, the 281' coastal tanker had departed Everett, MA while still taking on ballast. James was, after all, the heir to the throne, Pickford says. Mr Ayres was instead court-martialled and imprisoned. The Gloucester Shipwreck 'It is an outstanding example of underwater cultural heritage of national and international importance. Did the future King save dogs and priests over crew? British Third Rate ship of the line 'Gloucester' (1654). The Gloucester had set sail from Portsmouth to Edinburgh to allow the Duke of York to conduct royal business at the Scottish Parliament. 5 KB (341 words) - 06:01, 25 June 2022. As Jowitt lays out in her paper, they accomplished this in part by producing artistic worksplays, ballads, etc.that lionized the Duke. . Read about our approach to external linking. He accepted no responsibility for the tragedy - despite arguing over the ship's course, as former Lord High Admiral - and blamed the pilot, who was later imprisoned. For some strange reason, all of this was now published in 2022 (23 years later) in the newspapers as a new wreck discovery. The Wreck of the Gloucester off Yarmouth, 6 May 1682, by Johan Danckerts, 1682. VideoRos Atkins on reporting from Ukraine's frontline, UK faces record two-year recession, Bank warns, Bridge that became a death trap for Indian children. Tory poet Matthew Taubman composed a heartfelt ode likening him to Jonas, whom God had saved from a harrowing storm. William himself was also a nephew of Charles II and James II, not to mention arguably the most powerful prince in Europe at the time, Jowitt explains. The team discovered the 340-year-old shipwreck in 2007, but it wasn't until 2012 they found the ship's bell and then the Ministry of Defence and Receiver of Wreck decided to identify it as the HMS Gloucester. By the second day of the voyage, the situation had worsened. A major exhibition is being planned to run from February to July 2023 at Norwich Castle Museum. Xx, The 340-year-old Gloucester ship was discovered by divers. Better start bailing water now because the ship is sinking. 92 likes. If James had drowned in 1682, British history would probably have looked very different. 70. Shopping this Christmas in Gloucestershire 2022 Find out about Christmas shopping opening hours, Christmas markets and festive fayres. Because of the circumstances of its sinking, this can be claimed as the single most significant historic maritime discovery since the raising of the Mary Rose in 1982.'. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. At the end of the second day of sailing, the Gloucester did not moor up. James Catholicism became widely known after the introduction of the Test Act in February 1673, where those refusing to take an oath denouncing the Catholic belief in transubstantiation were debarred from holding public office. Along with the bell, divers found clothes, shoes, navigational equipment and personal items. I genuinely think this would have been a difficult choice for the nation, but if Charles II had decided to favor his son over his niece and nephew, then I think he had every chance of managing the situation to ensure he got what he wanted in those three years, Jowitt says. The journey was beset with difficulties from the outset. The sight of James on board the Gloucesterwould have reinforced this sense of power and naval expertise. Our next job was to identify the site as the Gloucester.. The Wreck of H.M.S. Climate change: What have leaders done in 2022? 1 comment. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. As The Guardian reports, the divers spotted a cannon that led them to the cleaved keel and mostly buried hull of the actual wreck. The tragedy also highlighted deadly flaws in English maps. Jonathan Chadwick For Mailonline, Divers are using an underwater tracking system to create a digital map of The London - a 17th century warship that was part of the squadron that brought Charles II back from the Netherlands in 1660 to restore him to the throne, Shackleton's lost ship is FOUND: Endurance is discovered at the bottom of Antarctica's Weddell Sea, 107 years after it sank - and it's still in remarkable condition, Stunningly preserved 700-year-old SHIP discovered beneath the streets of Tallinn was part of the Hanseatic League - a powerful trading network stretching from England to Russia, HMS Invincible's lost rudder is FOUND: 36ft-long blade of warship that sank in the Solent in 1758 is discovered 200ft away from the main shipwreck. In the evening, a heated dispute broke out between James, the Gloucesters pilot James Ayres and several naval officers regarding how best to navigate the dangerous Norfolk sandbanks. The ship's bell, manufactured in 1681, was later recovered, and in 2012 was used by the Receiver of Wreck and Ministry of Defence to decisively identify the vessel as the HMS Gloucester. Top . By Jack Hardy . The boat had been hoisted into the sea and the Duke finally consented to be taken to the safety of one of the accompanying yachts, the Mary, which was part of the fleet. When Charles died in 1685, his brother took over as planned, becoming James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland.. The warship, HMS Gloucester sank 340 years ago while carrying the. In the early hours of 6 May 1682, panic spread through the estimated 330 passengers and crew of HMS Gloucester. They included the Earl of Roxburghe, Lord Ibrackan, Sir John Hope and the Duke's brother-in-law James Hyde, 2nd lieutenant on the Gloucester. Had he drowned in 1682, King Charles II's illegitimate son, James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth, might well have inherited the throne. US midterms: Will Gen Z vote? James took no responsibility for the disaster, instead blaming the pilot who he demanded be hanged immediately. Scene Two: 5am on the morning of 6 May 1682. Uncovering the Gloucester shipwreck: Norfolk's Mary Rose 100,224 views Jun 9, 2022 In 1682 a royal ship carrying the heir to the English throne ran aground and sank off the Norfolk Coast. -15 29.048 118 10.293 Newer position via Satellite </> embed 26 C 79 F 12.8 kn 6.6 m/s 2.2 m 7.2 ft Port Calls Historical AIS Data Vessel Utilization 2021 2020 Port Visits More results are available to Satellite users Country Visits Australia Indonesia More results are available to Satellite users Vessel Particulars History Similar vessels Ultimately, researchers want to shed more light on the identity and lives of those who sadly lost their lives. The brothers, printers by trade, hid the find for 15 years to keep it safe from treasure hunters as it was in international waters. The ship called HMS Gloucester, sank in 1682 off the coast of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, whilst carrying the future King James of England, Ireland and Scotland. I have learnt a new word, ullage, which is the space for air between the wine and the cork in the bottle.. The Gloucester ran aground off the coast of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1682, nearly killing the Duke of York, who became King James II of England. However, Pickford explains that the artist has taken some creative liberties depicting the event: This dramatic and visually arresting representation of the Gloucester is wrong in many respects. Professor Claire Jowitt, a maritime history expert at the University of East Anglia, has called it themost important maritime discovery since the Mary Rose, the warship from the Tudor navy of King Henry VIII. Julian and Lincoln Barnwell, left, measure a cannon from the wreck of the Gloucester on the Norfolk sandbanks. If the Duke had not been rescued, it may have changed the course of history, as he went on to become King James II of England and Ireland (and King James VII of Scotland) in 1685, after his brother died. Launched in 1654 with 54 guns and 280 crew, The Gloucester is the only surviving third-rate Cromwellian warship. Maritime expert Professor Claire Jowitt said it was of "international importance". With Mary due to give birth, Charles was eager for the family to return to London. The comments below have not been moderated, By Search here. 1 comment. However, the exact location of the wreck is protected and still cannot be disclosed. Most prominently the so-called Popish Plot (1678) provoked mass hysteria. Gloucester had a length at the gundeck of 117 feet 357 m a beam of 34 feet 10 inches 106 m and a depth of hold of 13 feet 6 inches 41 m. . The ship was found split down the keel with the remains of the hull submerged in the sand. The curators are Ruth Battersby-Tooke (NMS), Claire Jowitt (UEA), Benjamin Redding (UEA), and . The events of this climactic naval battle are immortalised in the Solebay tapestry, the largest tapestry in Royal Museums Greenwichs collection. Discovery made by amateur divers who found HMS Gloucester finally revealed after being kept secret for 10 years. 1/4. In 1879 alone, 249 fishermen and 29 vessels were lost during a terrible storm. Within an hour, the ship had sunk. The project rapidly encountered financial difficulties - to such an extent . Solebay tapestry, the largest tapestry in Royal Museums Greenwichs collection. Type: Shipwreck Depth: 70-80' top deck, 90-100' sand Location: Boat dive, located about 1km south of the Dog Bar breakwater, Gloucester, MA Additional Info: Mass Gov, shipwreck info The Stern half of the Poling is the premiere dive site in New England. The wreck was found by two divers in 2007 and its discovery has only just been made public after its many artefacts were carefully salvaged from the sea.. Maritime expert Prof Claire Jowitt, from . To use comments you will need to have JavaScript enabled. The diarist Samuel Pepys, who was travelling in the royal fleet, wrote that some survivors and victims were plucked "half dead" from the sea. [Album] USS Samuel B Roberts wreck found at a depth of 6895 metres, now making her the current deepest shipwreck recorded. It was firmly identified in 2012 with discovery of the ship's bell.. At the time of the sinking of HMS Gloucester,Charles II was on the throne. The diminished fleet of seven ships three still remained lost continued to sail at a speed of somewhere around six knots through the darkness. HMS Gloucester was commissioned in 1652, built at Limehouse in London, and launched in 1654. Artefacts rescued and conserved from the wreck include clothes and shoes, navigational and other professional naval equipment, personal possessions, and many wine bottles. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Duke of York and John Churchill, the future Duke of Marlborough, were rescued in the ship's boat. Video, Iran protests: The video I dared not share, Images reveal erosion of 'at risk' 1665 shipwreck, Indiana Jones fan may have found largest coin hoard, French parliament stopped over 'racist' remark, Dutch wolves to be paintballed to scare them away, Donald Trump sues top NY lawyer for 'intimidation', Black Panther stars arrive at European premiere, Twitter to lose 'magic' with 7 blue tick fee, Lapid congratulates Netanyahu on Israel election win, FBI warns of 'threat' to New Jersey synagogues. Northshore Magazine November 21, 2016. The 1670s had witnessed the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74) and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-81), a political campaign that intended to bar James, Duke of York (pictured) from the line of succession due to his Roman Catholic faith. The wreck of the HMS Gloucester was found in 1999 and later re-discovered in 2007 but only identified in 2012, when divers found her bell. and regular ship movements to Gloucester died out in the 1980s. One of the wine bottles bears a glass seal with the coat of arms of the Legge family - ancestors of George Washington, the first US President. Amah-Rose Abrams, June 14, 2022 Johan Danckerts The Wreck of the Gloucester off Yarmouth, 6 May 1682 (1682). As Jamess oldest legitimate child, Mary had a tenable claim to the throne, maybe even better than that of Charles IIs oldest illegitimate son, James Scott, Duke of Monmouth. Charles IIs illegitimate son - James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth - may very well have inherited the throne on his fathers death in 1685. Another decade passedlong enough for the site, which is in international waters, to be fully securedbefore the news was made public. However, Pickford says, there was a problem. Delays on A47 due to "obstruction" on the road, Christmas Visit magical rose gardens for free and enjoy mulled wine and mince pies Louisa Baldwin, Arts & Culture Sky Arts TV contestant opens first solo show in Norwich Kate Wolstenholme, Norfolk Live News | Updated A140 closed after two-vehicle crash Louisa Baldwin, Property near city closed after reports of drug-related activity, Imran Khan survives deadly Pakistan rally shooting, Ros Atkins on reporting from Ukraine's frontline. At around 5.30am on 6 May, the Gloucester crashed at speed into the Leman and Ower sandbanks, located some 45km off Great Yarmouth. Town road to close temporarily for barrier repairs Sean Galea-Pace A town road in Norfolk will be closed temporarily for three days to allow barrier repairs to take place. Pepys described the harrowing experience for victims and survivors, some of whom were picked up 'half dead' from the water. By 1682 an ageing Charles II was keen to shift royal power towards his brother James, who had been living in Scotland with his wife Mary of Modena. In 2012 one of the rescued finds the ships bell, manufactured in 1681 was used by the Receiver of Wreck and Ministry of Defence to conclusively confirm the wreck was the Gloucester. The Daily Mail reports that "The ships were recovered in ancient 'shipping lanes' that served spice and silk trades of the Greek, Roman and Ottoman empires, from 300 BC onwards". 'The discovery promises to fundamentally change understanding of 17th-century social, maritime and political history,'Professor Jowitt said. Why Ethiopia peace deal is triumph for prime minister. Why are Albanian migrants coming to the UK? James did not accept any responsibility for the disaster. for the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. About Beauport Cruiselines. (Image credit: OceanX) The ROV has lasers that can help measure underwater . share. The 'outstanding' 54-gun frigate, which sank on May 6, 1682 after hitting the Norfolk sandbanks in the southern North Sea, was uncovered 28 miles off the coast of Great Yarmouth half-buried on the seabed -but the find was kept secret until now to conserve the ship. Perhaps the most significant find in the cluster of wrecks was a 17 th century Ottoman vessel . In 1682 it was selected to carry James to Edinburgh to collect his heavily pregnant wife and their households. James, Duke of York, embarks on a royal barge at Putney. As a result, James was increasingly vilified and, fearing the overthrow of his own rule, Charles II ordered James and his family to reside first in the Hague and then Scotland, where he mainly remained from 1679-82. Most obviously, the sandbanks of the Leman and Ower never show above water, so it would have been quite impossible for anyone to have been running along them.. Why Does the Water in the Main Basin Look Dirty? With water filling the ship, the crew was anxious for James to disembark as quickly as possible. The Gloucester was a beautiful ship with ornately carved woodwork in the style of Grinling Gibbons, Pickford says. The divers faces when they found it! James clearly influenced the choice of the HMS Gloucester's route but accepted no responsibility when disaster struck and solely blamed the pilot, wishing him to be hanged immediately (though he was in fact court martialled and imprisoned). No human remains have been found so far - only animal bones. The find, which was discovered by divers in 2007, has only just been revealed due to security reasons. Scene Three: 6 June 1682. HMS Gloucester 1654 was a 54-gun ship launched in 1654 and wrecked in 1682. James Stuart, later James II of England, who would be Britain's last Catholic king, survived the sinking but up to around 250 sailors and passengers lost their lives, largely due to his actions. In all there were around 330 people on board. Canal planning and construction. It instantly felt like a privilege to be there. Within an hour the vessel sank with the loss of hundreds of the crew and passengers. The shipwreck is split down the keel, with remains of the hull submerged in sand, and it is not known how much of it is intact. Plans are underway to exhibit artefacts on board the ship that have been brought to land, including clothes, wine bottles and the ship's bell, used to conclusively confirm the wreck was the Gloucester. The Duke, a former Lord High Admiral, had quarrelled with the pilot James Ayres the previous night about what course to follow to avoid the treacherous Norfolk sandbanks. Samuel Pepys and the Strange Wrecking of the Gloucester by Nigel Pickford Reviewed by Sue Nicholson 13 November 2021 In 1682 a fleet of eight ships set sail from London to Edinburgh carrying James, Duke of York north to reunite with his wife Mary of Modena. The vessels sinking is a matter of great historical debate. Shortly before the ship sank, James escaped into one of the Gloucesters small boats with his close friend the courtier John Churchill (later 1st Duke of Marlborough). James Catholicism provoked a major constitutional crisis between 1678-81 when a group of English Protestants called the Country Party, later termed the Whigs, attempted to exclude James from inheriting the throne, fearing that a Catholic king would be the puppet of the French Catholic king, Louis XIV. 'We will also try to establish who else died and tell their stories, as the identities of a fraction of the victims are currently known.'. Their vessels were quickly approaching sandbanks off the coast of Norfolk, and nobody could agree on the best course forward. Maritime expert Prof Claire Jowitt said it was of "international importance". British Fourth Rate ship of the line 'Gloucester' (1711). The 340-year-old Gloucester warship was discovered after a cannon was spotted by divers on the seabed, Diarist and naval administrator Samuel Pepys witnessed the Gloucester's sinking, Prof Claire Jowitt said the find was the most important maritime discovery since the Mary Rose in 1982, The ship's bell, made in 1681, was raised to the surface in 2012 and proved vital in successfully identifying the vessel, Glasses found in the original case and dating back at least 340 years were among the finds at the underwater site, A wine bottle's seal shows the coat of arms of the Legge family, who were ancestors of George Washington, In a portrait from 1672, the Duke of York is depicted with the royal fleet. We were starting to believe that we were not going to find her. On this same day, 35 years ago, the legendary deep-sea explorer Mel Fisher discovered the shipwreck of the Nuestra Senora de Atocha. Royal medalist George Bowers celebrated Jamess apparently valorous survival by designing a silver medal bearing the sinking Gloucester on one side and Jamess regal silhouette on the other. "It was awe-inspiring and really beautiful," he said. It sank within an hour of the strike, killing roughly around 150 to 200 crew and passengers. Read about our approach to external linking. It is only now, 10 years on, that the ship's discovery can be made public, largely due to the need to protect an 'at risk' site, which lies in international waters. James ruled England and Ireland as James II and Scotland as James VII, from 1685-1688. The ship was on a journey from England to Scotland when, early in the morning of 6 May, it hit a sandbank off Great Yarmouth and sank, leading to the deaths of at least 130 people. Since then the "at risk" site - in international waters - has had to be protected, which is why the discovery is only now being made public and its exact location undisclosed. Aboard the Charlotte yacht for the court martial of the pilot James Ayres. Witnesses claimed the future King saved Catholic priests and his dogs over courtiers and crew, and, given that a royal had to leave a ship first, caused countless deaths by delaying his escape. He would return to London with his family to take up residence at Charless court. His brother James,Duke of York, was next in line for the throne. Also the boat provides lots of detail into the history at the time. On May 6, 1682, the Duke of York the . The ship, named the Gloucester, was found off the coast of Norfolk in 2007 by the brothers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell and their friend James Little after a four-year, 5,000-mile nautical search . 25.2k members in the Shipwrecks community. Professor Jowitt, said: "Because of the circumstances of its sinking, this can be claimed as the single most significant historic maritime discovery since the raising of the Mary Rose in 1982. Posted by 6 days ago. Well, for many reasons, firstly because the future King was on the boat, it could have changed history. . On the evening of May 5, 1682, the officers of a British fleet sailing from England to Scotland were having a heated argument. Jonathan Chadwick For Mailonline James fared well in the official investigation of the incident, too, mainly by pointing the finger at Ayres. It was our fourth dive season looking for Gloucester, he said. The discovery of HMS Gloucester, 28 miles off the coast of Great Yarmouth, was announced last week Wreck was found by amateur divers in 2007 but the news was kept secret to allow artefacts to. , updated Dates of service, name changes, previous and next incarnations, dimensions, armament, commanders, officers and crewmen, actions, battles, sources I'm watching a movie about pirate right now and they've lost there ship. 0 points. Naturally accumulating silt tends to reduce the depth and has to be removed by dredging. Master Benjamin Holmes, for one, favored a deep-sea path, while pilot James Ayres thought sidling between the banks and the coast would work just fine. The ship called HMS Gloucester, sank in 1682 off the coast of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, whilst carrying the future King James of England, Ireland and Scotland. It took part in multiple battles and became part of the Royal Navy fleet after 1660, when King Charles II was restored to the throne. (Photo: Norfolk Historic Shipwrecks) Shipwrecks have long inspired storytellers and historians. "There is still a huge amount of knowledge to be gained from the wreck, which will benefit Norfolk and the nation.". Art World Two Brothers Have Discovered the 'Gloucester' Shipwreck, Which Carried a Former King of England, After 340 Years A descendent of George Washington was also on board. Ros Atkins on reporting from Ukraine's frontline. This maritime accident became quite famous, since the ship just happened to be transporting the future king of England, James Stuart , at the time it was lost. Commissioned in 1652, the warship had been involved in several naval conflicts, including the Anglo-Spanish War (1654-1660) and the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch Wars (1665-7 and 1672-4). The ship itselfis fragmented and still on the seafloor, and authorities say there are currently no plans to bring any part of the remains to land. Enjoy the fun activities and things to see and do all over Gloucestershire this Christmas , including christmas workshops, wreath-making and ice skating. Three out of the ten ships interpreted this signal as requiring them to immediately tack seawards, Pickford explains. One of the bottles bears a glass seal with the crest of the Legge family ancestors of George Washington, the first US President. The find, which was discovered by divers in. Jowitt and her colleagues at the University of East Anglia have also launched The Gloucester Project, a site that will chronicle a cradle-to-grave history of the ship, explore its cultural significance, and more. A team of professional divers has discovered the wreck of Gloucester which sank on May 6, 1682 while carrying James Stuart, duke of York, later James II and VII off the coast of Norfolk, the United Kingdom. At the time, it was common to view a nation as a metaphorical ship and its monarch as the ships commandera trope known as the ship of state., The captainless, rudderless boat was an enduringly popular early modern [theme], used in various ways to represent allegorically the problems of governance, Claire Jowitt, professor of English and history at the University of East Anglia, explained in The Last Voyage of the Gloucester (1682): The Politics of a Royal Shipwreck, published this month in The English Historical Review.. But with the shipwreck's discovery, the story of the Gloucesterand its royal passenger isback in the spotlight. Chat: Is it right to dig up a shipwreck for treasure? 18 hours agoA shipwreck carrying Gloucesters name which sank 340 years ago has finally been discovered. "The discovery promises to fundamentally change understanding of 17th Century social, maritime and political history. Exhibition. A major exhibition 'The Last Voyage of the Gloucester: Norfolk's Royal Shipwreck 1682' is planned for Spring 2023, the result of a partnership between Julian and Lincoln Barnwell, Norfolk Museums Service, and academic partner UEA. ", Two divers say it was an "absolute privilege" to discover the warship. A future monarch that cant steer the ship of state offers an opportunity for [the Duke of Yorks] political enemies to attack him, and its clear in particular that his supporters really seek very quickly to control how the event is told, presumably to neutralize the possibility of negative press, Jowitt tells Mental Floss. Within an hour, the ship had sunk. At 5.30am on May 6, HMS Gloucester hit the treacherous Norfolk sandbanks some 28 miles (45km) off Great Yarmouth following a dispute between James, then the Duke of York, and the ship's pilot James Ayres about how to navigate them.
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