number: 206095338, E-mail us: A slight look at his work reveals that practically. Am I right on the money, or a clueless moron? I have seen how technology is a dead end and all civilization(s) was and is always doomed to fail and collapse, and the singularity can best be described as rapture for the nerds. Cookie Notice In Ecce Homo, he states: "I now wish to relate the history of Zarathustra. Ouspensky incorporated this idea into his later writings. support@phdessay.com. Origen also records a heterodox version of the doctrine, noting that some Stoics suggest that "there is a slight and very minute difference between one period and the events in the period before it". The eternal recurrence is the ultimate affirmation of life, an eternal repetition of what constitutes existence in the present world. This his conviction that at some time in the future another individual would be born with precisely the same thought-processes and experiences as himself. This concept has been called many names, such as, Loop Theory, Eternity Return, Eternal Recurrence, Reincarnation and so on. It was only when Friedrich Nietzsche reintroduce the thought the scholars began to evaluate its truthfulness or possibilities. Would one thing be better than another? Examine Nietzsches statement in The Birth of Tragedy that it is only as an Aesthetic Phenomenon that existence can be justified to eternity. As Hollingdale has noted, 'Nietzsche arrived at the theory of the Eternal Recurrence as a consequence of two requirements; the need to explain the world and the need to accept it'. [13], Augustine also mentions "certain philosophers" who cite Ecclesiastes 1:910 as evidence of eternal return: "What is that which hath been? by contrast, the noble being without resentment, who wills the eternal recurrence of the same - a cyclical concept inherited from the ancient pythagoreans, empedocles, and especially heraclitus - resoundingly affirms all that ever was, is, and will be. The first was Josef Loschmidt's claim that entropy would be reduced if time were reversed. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. [4] The Stoics may have found support for this doctrine in the concept of the Great Year,[5] the oldest known expression of which is found in Plato's Timaeus. Only afterwards, when they can't be changed. [17] Louis Auguste Blanqui similarly claimed that in an infinite universe, every possible combination of forms must repeat itself eternally across both time and space. Eternal recurrence is the most significant and constant event of our lives. A place for a discussion of the ideas all around us in society, culture, philosophy, and more. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. ?>. Recurrence is the act of constant disappearance and re-appearance. Look through examples of eternal recurrence translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. According to Porphyry, it was one of the teachings of Pythagoras (c.570 c.495 BC) that "after certain specified periods, the same events occur again" and that "nothing was entirely new". For example, a truly virtuous, life-loving person would be able to endure reliving his entire experience and mistakes over and over, with neither bitterness nor regret. They hold that after the conflagration all the same things come to be again in the world numerically, so that even the same peculiarly qualified individual as before exists and comes to be again in that world, as Chrysippus says in his books On the World. By continuing well assume youre on board with our It is noteworthy that Schopenhauer does not include time but merely explaining eternal recurrence as a physical concept. [22] He was also a fan of the author Heinrich Heine, one of whose books contains a passage discussing the theory of eternal return. Together with the dwarf they try to work out on the dilemma of the two opposite but eternal paths. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Before him it was existent in presocratic movements such as the Pythagorians (6th century BC), as well as in some philosophical schools of the Hellenistic and Roman age. Johnny Lee Plato versus Nietzsche The central ideas that two great philosophers, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche, talked about were the reality and appearance; and what they mainly focused on is. [6], Sources differ as to whether the Stoics believed that the contents of each new universe would be one and the same with those of the previous universe, or only so similar as to be indistinguishable. He lays eternal recurrence out as a litmus test of sorts for the quality of our lives. Either you're not in control of yourself, in which case you may as well be watching a screen, or you can make different choices. Remorse. Friedrich Nietzsche. And Nietzsche, with his theory of eternal recurrence. He is famous for uncompromising criticisms of traditional European morality and religion, as well as of conventional philosophical ideas and social and political pieties associated with modernity . It hath been already of old time, which was before us." Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. It argues that if a system has a finite level of energy and remains at a finite spatial amount, after a considerable length of time, a system would return to its original state (Lowith). --begin quotation from The Illusion of Will, Self, . Zarathustra asks the dwarf if is it possible that someone has already passed the path yet continues to pass through path in unfathomable times. it would also mean that me being dead in the future is equally real in the exact same way as me being alive right Now is real. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/eternal-recurrence-by-nietzsche/, Detailed Analysis on the Cinematography in the Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Critique Essay, The True Eternal Love Is the Love of a Mother to Her Child, Paper on: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, get custom What is some day or night, a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: "This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there . Check 'eternal recurrence' translations into German. [30] In one of his unpublished notes, Nietzsche writes: "The question which thou wilt have to answer before every deed that thou doest: 'is this such a deed as I am prepared to perform an incalculable number of times?' Probably the most common misconception is the notion that it is a nihilistic, dark philosophy with a. He first brought it up in his book "The Gay Science," and returned to explore it more fully in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra." It was essentially an attempt to figure out an answer to the meaning of life, once and for all. [1] Eudemus of Rhodes also references this Pythagorean doctrine in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics. The first published presentation of Nietzsche's version of the theory appears in The Gay Science, section 341, where it is proposed to the reader as a thought experiment: What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness, and say to you, "This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything unutterably small or great in your life will have to return to you, all in the same succession and sequence Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? As a child, he had been prone to vivid sensations of dj vu,[33] and when he encountered the theory of eternal return in the writings of Nietzsche, it occurred to him that this was a possible explanation for his experiences. Basically, Nietzsches idea of eternal recurrence is simply a hypothesis of what he introduced in his work. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. 5. In effect, he maintained analyzing and reflecting on the concept as simple a hypothesis, a conjecture, a presupposition. It was the second "paradox" attack on Boltzmann. The Eternal Cycle & Alternate Universes - The Meaning of Life (part 2) Summary: The end of the universe is the start of the universe. Theory of Eternal Recurrence How could you possibly live the same life again? What is eternal recurrence in philosophy? So, let's say that the usual atheist skeptics are right and you are born and die and that's it, I call that permadeath. The Eternal Recurrence of the Same. "[23], Nietzsche expands upon this concept in the philosophical novel Thus Spoke Zarathustra, later writing that eternal return was "the fundamental idea of the work". First ed. [36] The revolution in Ouspensky's thoughts on recurrence the idea that change is possible took place after he became a disciple of the mystic George Gurdjieff, who taught that a person could achieve a higher state of consciousness through a system of strict self-discipline. (2017, May 19). your own essay or use it as a source, but you need Nietzsche's eternal recurrence is a litmus test for an individual's capacity to affirm life. Omissions? As an analysis of Nietzsches theory or concept of eternal recurrence, it is obvious that Nietzsche did not demand absolute truth to his principle for the fact that he did not imply all throughout his discussions and philosophy on the concept of eternal recurrence that it really exists in reality. It also implies human helplessness in preventing the repetition of loneliness, birth, and pain. Nietzsche: The Eternal Recurrence of the Same. This is the problem of microscopic reversibility. the eternal recurrence as something that is part of the objective structure of the universe, something like a law of nature. Nietzsche sometimes writes of the eternal return as 1) a scientific theory, and sometimes as 2) a psychological "test". According to historical records, the concept or idea of eternal recurrence originated from the ancient Egypt and was later on adapted by the Stoics and Pythagoras. The magician answers that he must first change himself; if he works on improving his character, he may have a chance of making better decisions next time around. Substantial agreement exists that Nietzsche considered the eternal recurrence his most important teaching. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the concept fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who resurrected it as a thought experiment. This is the ongoing activity of all things, no matter how they differ, and so is important for us to understand and accept. database? Updates? In support of his argument, he appeals to scriptural passages such as Romans 6:9, which affirms that Christ "being raised from the dead dieth no more".[13]. He believes spiritual enlightenment means to find intellectual, emotional, and physical balance in a . According to this view, the existence of moral truths is dependent upon the existence of God, a point that . The concept is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics.With the decline of antiquity and the spread of . Enrol here in our Nietzsche course: https://classical-philosophy-academy.teachable.com/p/thus-spoke-nietzsche What does Amor Fati really mean? Especially now that I've figured out that there is no hope or way out. Zarathustra has two animal companions: an Eagle and a Snake. This essay was written by a fellow student. No one would really know or confirm if particular things or event shad already happened in the past and just recurring. The universe according to Nietzsche: Modern cosmology and the theory of eternal recurrence The philosopher's musings on the nature of reality could have scientific basis, according to a. Comparable to what Nietzsche argues about the eternal recurrence principle, Arthur Schopenhauer also has his own idea of eternal recurrence the same way as Nietzsches. It is more probable that Eternal Recurrence is true than it being false. The Eternal Return The theory of the eternal return of the same was argued by the modern philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. And yes, I know reincarnation is a little different but who cares? On the other hand, Origen (c. 185 c. 253 AD) characterises the Stoics as claiming that the contents of each cycle will not be identical, but only indistinguishable:[9]. [39][40] The theorem, first advanced by Henri Poincar in 1890, remains influential, and is today the basis of ergodic theory. The term Eternal Recurrence was itself coined by Friedrich Nietzsche, who (while never suggesting this theory was true) adopted it as a thought experiment to test one's willpower. Science had demonstrated an unprecedented ability to explain concepts that were once mysteries. [10] This was probably not a widely-held belief, as it represents a denial of the deterministic viewpoint which stands at the heart of Stoic philosophy. In permadeath scenario our lifetime is so "small" and eternity or forever is so "long" that it is not likely that we find ourselfs in a permadeath situation while we are alive(finite), but instead, a reality where our effective lifetimes are infinite. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher and cultural critic who published intensively in the 1870s and 1880s. Eternal return ( German: Ewige Wiederkunft; also known as eternal recurrence) is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur in a self similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. In a book entitled Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche invents a character named Zarathustra, a wandering philosopher who has many adventures. The Eternal Recurrence was the name given to the iteration of this old theory, by Nietzsche. An avid reader who writes about arts, culture, literature & other life obsessions. The theory of Eternal Recurrence, which is also referred as Eternal Return, states that the world has been returning or recurring. I have been asked many times as to why, in my opinion, the Eternal Return Model as elucidated i n ITLAD has a greater evolutionary and developmental logic than the classic model of reincarnation. Eternal Recurrence is nonsense; it violates the most fundamental principle of them all: the infinity of variety equals the infinity of sameness, so even though nature repeats itself, never, ever exactly the same. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. Knowledge about the repetition of lives will add nothing for a man if he does not strive to change himself in order to escape this repetition. Fate can't be viewed beforehand, because you can make choices. This doctrine must be distinguished from the belief in the general periodicity of nature, according to which the main features . Explore how the human body functions as one unit in If the Past, Present, and Future all exist in exactly the same way, then every single moment would be a 'Now' moment for me. According to the qualities of eternity and. Eternal Return. As he sees the gate, he concludes that it could be the case that everything that is happening in this world have already happened in the past, and is happening in the present time, and would eventually repeat to happen in the future since neither of the paths suggests a beginning nor an end (as both paths are eternal). To avoid supposing that Socrates will live again, they say that it will be some one indistinguishable from Socrates, who will marry some one indistinguishable from Xanthippe, and will be accused by men indistinguishable from Anytus and Meletus. [41] Attempts have been made to prove or disprove the possibility of Poincar recurrence in a system the size of a galaxy or a universe. the processes of nature. Personal Identity and Circular Time Even if this cosmological theory is true, it does not obviously follow that persons will live their lives again, as Nietzsche's theory of eternal recurrence maintains. The fundamental idea of the work, the Eternal Recurrence, the highest formula of a Yes-saying to life that can ever be attained, was first conceived in the month of August 1881. In addition, many people criticise A theories, and it is rare to hear them advocated. But if he changes something essential in himself, that is, if he attains something, this cannot be lost. Hence, it could not really produce or offer concrete or sufficient evidence to say that at some point or truly eternal recurrence exists. If this is truly what's going on, then we live in a very limited time and thus a very unlikely time to find yourself in. According to Stoic physics, the universe is periodically destroyed in an immense conflagration (ekpyrosis), and then experiences a rebirth (palingenesis). In the penultimate chapter of the work ("The Drunken Song"), Zarathustra declares: "All things are entangled, ensnared, enamored; if you ever wanted one thing twice, if you ever said, 'You please me, happiness! 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