These happen when there's a problem in the areas of the brain responsible for speech. If a congenital infection is suspected, a doctor will run blood tests and cultures of blood and other fluids from the infant, and sometimes the mother, to try to make a diagnosis. George Washington University . Keeping your baby safe during this time is of utmost importance. Services provided: Neonatology, ShorePointHealth Port Charlotte
The good news is, most people who have a perforated eardrum get all their hearing back eventually. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. 6500 38th Avenue North, St. Petersburg, FL
Medical Director of Infection Control . Not getting enough sleep can lead to high blood pressure, obesity and even depression. Looking for answers, Diana Kalpakian, Ph.D., joined Melissa Faith, Ph.D., and colleagues and conducted a study in May 2020, early in the pandemic. The infection can be very contagious, so the doctor may also suggest that other children in the family limit contact with the baby. Posted on Feb 19, 2020
Many infections cause similar symptoms. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. We treat a variety of ear pain and hearing loss related conditions. Because babies' bodies and organs are undergoing rapid development, any interruption in that process can lead to complications, including growth, developmental, neurological, cardiac, respiratory, and sensory problems. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. So an audiologist should test a child's hearing whenever there's a speech concern. Tampa, FL 33612 813-631-5000 Toll Free Sarasota Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Sarasota 5881 Rand Blvd. Oak Hill Hospital
St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Professor of Pediatrics . Meningitis, particularly bacterial meningitis, is a serious infection in newborns. 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. SINGH, Nalini, MD, MPH . Although it can be frightening to see your baby hospitalized, a hospital stay is often the best way back to good health for a sick newborn. All rights reserved, Center for Medical Simulation & Innovative Education, Cores, Shared Resources & Support Offices, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research. Its important for everyone to get a good nights rest but even more important for children. Some of the most common are sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. We have a relentless commitment to helping families receive the highest quality of care at the right place, at the right time. The results of their research were recently published. The newborn period is a time like no other, and something that should be a celebration for you and your loved ones. 1812: The War of 1812 was thought of by Americans as a second war of independence. In Colonial America, women in the home It is incredibly important to stay present and if you do have to check your phone/device, make sure you are letting the other person know why, and creating and agreeing about expectations about checking the phone, if that is needed. Note: All information is for educational purposes only. With their fragile new immune systems, babies aren't well equipped to deal with infection. 2500 Harbour Boulevard, Port Charlotte, FL
If your child is having daytime sleepiness or behavior difficulties in school that you think might be linked to lack of sleep, you should definitely visit your pediatrician. And if you can't hear as well as usual, it can be pretty scary. With many infections, such as rubella and toxoplasmosis, the risk is greatest in the first trimester. Depending on the infection (pneumonia or sepsis, for example), the symptoms might include trouble breathing or feeding, a high temperature, listlessness, or unusual crankiness. The speech therapist will work with your child to improve speech and language skills, and show you what to do at home to help your child. Dr. William Shippen began a course in anatomy and midwifery in Philadelphia. Here are three things to avoid doing if you have a perforated eardrum: If your eardrum doesn't heal on its own, an ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialist may recommend an eardrum patch. Doctors diagnose E. coli infection by culturing blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid and treat the infection with antibiotics. 5650 Bollettieri Boulevard, Bradenton, FL
Sometimes you can't prevent a perforated eardrum (like when an eardrum ruptures because of infection, for example). However, Canada does have some basic guidelines. Note: All information is for educational purposes only. But a lot of eardrum perforations are 100% preventable. Doctors may need to do this procedure a number of times until the eardrum is fully healed. Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. Get the latest health news, diet & fitness information, medical research, health care trends and health issues that affect you and your family on ABCNews.com These signs are of even greater concern if the baby is less than 2 months old. Topics include men's health, women's health, children's health, body & mind and education. The New Midwifery. The risk these infections pose to an infant often depends on when the mother is exposed to the germ. Born with multiple medical challenges, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, baby Cristian gets more than a fighting chance at Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. You've probably already know not to stick cotton swabs or other things into the ear canal when cleaning your ears. They recommend the following daily limits on caffeine: In addition to coffee, caffeine is present in tea (48 mg per 8 ounces), caffeinated soda (37 mg per 12 ounces), hot chocolate (10 mg per 12 ounces), and chocolate (10-30 mg per 1.5 oz). See todays top stories. When life presents the biggest challenges to the smallest people, we provide a regional network of advanced specialized care for kids. by Ellen McVay. The results of their research were recently published. hearing screening, surgery, perinatology
For a woman with listeriosis, a course of antibiotics usually prevents transmission of the bacterium to the fetus. A doctor might order additional tests. Caffeine has a dose-response effect. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends: Establishing a consistent bedtime routine is important. UCLA . 9981 S HealthPark Drive, Fort Myers, FL, Brandon Regional Hospital
At the start of the pandemic, how stress, anxiety and fear have been generated in families during the COVID-19 pandemic had not been studied in great detail. As soon as the sun goes down, start to wind down the household. But, it seems that there can be an addiction, as many compare devices to mini gambling devices. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases are on the rise nationally. A lower heart rate, breathing problems, jaundice, trouble feeding, low or unstable body temperature, lethargy, or extreme fussiness can all be signs of an infection. 11375 Cortez Boulevard, Brooksville, FL
Infants with bacterial and fungal meningitis receive antibiotics, while viral meningitis may be treated with antiviral medication. The doctor may want you to get an audiology exam to measure how well you hear at different pitches and volumes. At the start of the pandemic, how stress, anxiety and fear have been generated in families during the COVID-19 pandemic had not been studied in great detail. They typically look for sepsis and meningitis in the same work-up. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. SINGH, Nalini, MD, MPH . Services provided: Health services, sports medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center
For most of us, we like to have our cell phone or other device close to us, but if we forget it or leave it behind, it isnt too big of a deal, other than some mild anxiety. Also, the reinforcement of likes and activity on ones account. I would say to err on the side of caution, and to try to limit coffee and caffeine intake of any kind, especially for the youngest children. Doctors also routinely put antibiotic drops or ointment in newborns' eyes to prevent conjunctivitis caused by gonorrhea bacteria. The doctor looked in Darren's ear and told him he had a perforated eardrum. It causes cracks in the corners of the mouth and white patches on the tongue, palate, lips, and insides of the cheeks. It's more likely that babies will be born with an infection if their mothers become infected for the first time with a particular germ while pregnant. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. 1700 S. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL
Long-term studies would be needed to try to answer that question. Many infections that affect newborns are transmitted from mother to infant, either during pregnancy or delivery. If there is a hole in the eardrum, it can't always vibrate as well as it should. Treatment often includes the antiviral or antibiotic medications that are used to treat the diseases in older patients, as well as intense supportive care while the baby's in the hospital. To diagnose or rule out sepsis, doctors draw blood and sometimes examine cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids to look for bacteria or other pathogens. 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. Does your kiddo love a cup of morning Joe as much as you do? Pitt County Memorial . The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages caffeine consumption for kids. Once a positive diagnosis is made, the child will receive a course of antibiotics during a stay in the hospital. Newborns are particularly susceptible to certain diseases, much more so than older children and adults. Health News, Current Health News, Medical News on FOXNews.com. Professor of Pediatrics . If we let our cell phones distract us during meals and quality time together, we arent able to truly engage and be present in the quality time, which then conveys to those involved that there is something happening that is more important than them. Some Dangers From Pandemic Fatigue. Petersburg/Bayfront Baby Place
There is debate about whether or not you can have an addiction to a cell phone. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. You should also see a doctor if you continue to have symptoms after getting treatment for a perforated eardrum. Go to the emergency room right away if you have severe symptoms. Right here in Tampa Bay, we are the promise of Johns Hopkins Medicine. Denver (/ d n v r /) is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Caffeine is a stimulant that increases alertness. RAMSEY, Keith M., MD . Much can depend on the individual child, but the younger a child is, the less inclined I would be to recommend this. All rights reserved, Center for Medical Simulation & Innovative Education, Cores, Shared Resources & Support Offices, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Here's what someone might notice after tearing an eardrum: Talk to a parent or call a doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a perforated eardrum. Even though most perforations heal on their own, you want to take steps to make sure any hearing loss you experience is only temporary. Most of these drinks tend to have not only the caffeine, but also high amounts of sugar, cream and whipped cream. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Sometimes the doctor will take a swab of one of the patches in the mouth and examine it for signs of the fungus. The middle ear and inner ear convert the vibrations to signals that the brain interprets as sounds. Other newborns may not initially show signs of disease, but may later exhibit its effects. Early research had suggested that children observing how their parents reacted to various aspects of the pandemic may have reacted in a similar manner. Johnston Thayer, director of clinical informatics and population health at Epic, describes new point-of-care tools that will take advantage of Cosmos research database The urine is usually obtained by a catheter inserted into the urethra. Services provided: Neonatology, hearing screening
Everyone carries E. coli in their bodies, and babies can become infected during childbirth, when they pass through the birth canal, or by coming into contact with the bacteria in the hospital or at home. A blood or spinal fluid culture can reveal the presence of the bacteria, and infected babies will be treated with antibiotics in the hospital. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Beyond what research has shown about caffeine, we really dont know beans about coffees long-term effect on kids. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Many doctors recommend that an expectant mother have a simple swab test late in pregnancy to check whether she's carrying GBS. Antibiotics, eye drops, or ointment may used to treat conjunctivitis in a newborn. Early research had suggested that children observing how their parents reacted to various aspects of the pandemic may have reacted in a similar manner. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. But you'll still want to see a doctor and get the right advice on how to make this happen./p>, 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. Doctors use needles to obtain a blood sample and a spinal needle to do a lumbar puncture for the cerebrospinal fluid. A perforated eardrum is also sometimes called a ruptured eardrum. An overgrowth of the common yeast candida, found on everyone's body, leads to the fungal infection candidiasis. Some early signs of a possible congenital infection include: a large or small head, small body size, seizures, problems with the eyes, skin rashes, jaundice, enlarged abdominal organs, and a heart murmur. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. St. Petersburg General Hospital
Ethan Battles Lifelong Epilepsy with New Technology, Ages 4 6:45 mgs (about a half cup of coffee). Too much caffeine can cause issues such as increased anxiety, increased heart rate and blood pressure, acid reflux andsleep disturbance. After, close to two years, it should surprise no one, many are, at the least, tired of this horrendous pandemic, or even, far - more, fatigued, and sick - and- tired of it, and the impact on our lives! All rights reserved. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Often, a doctor can see the tear and may even be able to see the tiny bones of the middle ear. There is also some data to suggest that use of devices reinforces dopamine pathways, a neurotransmitter that is a feel good chemical involved in our reward-seeking behaviors. It can be caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, including Listeria, GBS, and E. coli. Data suggests that children and adolescents who spend more time on electronics do have increased rates of anxiety and depression; however, they can be protected against this with more time outside and activities that dont involve screens. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are Kids who have trouble hearing may have trouble saying, understanding, imitating, and using language. Food that isn't properly cleaned, pasteurized, or cooked may give someone listeriosis. Medical Center of Trinity
1812: The War of 1812 was thought of by Americans as a second war of independence. In Colonial America, women in the home This can make a person's hearing worse. A study at Johns Hopkins Hospital found that heart transplant complications occurred most often amongst the uninsured, and that patients who had private health plans fared better than those covered by Medicaid or Medicare.. Reform. Here are some things to watch for. Born with multiple medical challenges, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, baby Cristian gets more than a fighting chance at Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. Several of these infections, such as GBS infection and listeriosis, can be acquired either from the mother or later from the newborn's environment. There are great schedules available on the American Academy of Pediatrics website. The big downside of kids drinking coffee is the caffeine content. New Parents and Newborns: Are Visitors OK? The results of their research were recently published. But often, it's hard for parents to know if their child is taking a bit longer to reach a speech or language milestone, or if there's a problem. Because children are smaller in body size, it takes less to impact their functioning.
This information was shared on WTVT-TVs Doc on Call segment, which is aimed at helping parents learn more about childrens health issues. Theyre more like desserts and can contribute to excess sugar and calorie consumption if consumed often. Most people encounter the bacteria by eating contaminated food because the bacteria are found in soil and water and can end up on fruits and vegetables, as well as in foods that come from animals, such as meat and dairy products. The child can play quietly until that time if desired. They are most often caused by viruses and parasites. Call your doctor if your child: Also call the doctor if your childs speech is harder to understand than expected for their age: Many kids with speech delays have oralmotor problems. Babies usually get the bacteria from their mothers during birth many pregnant women carry these bacteria in the rectum or vagina, where they can easily pass to the newborn if the mother hasnt been treated with antibiotics. As the disease progresses, babies' fontanels, or soft spots, may begin to bulge. As a result, when newborns get sick, they may need to spend time in the hospital or even the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to recover. To diagnose GBS, doctors run blood tests and take cultures of blood, urine, and, if necessary, cerebrospinal fluid to look for bacteria. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. Congenital infections include: HIV (which causes AIDS); rubella (German measles); chickenpox; syphilis; herpes; toxoplasmosis; and cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common congenital infection and the leading cause of congenital hearing loss. Infection with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria can lead to diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns. At the start of the pandemic, how stress, anxiety and fear have been generated in families during the COVID-19 pandemic had not been studied in great detail. Too much caffeine is dangerous for kids, and in very high doses, can be toxic. However, transmission to the baby doesn't always occur, so many babies born to mothers with these infections don't have the infection themselves. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with one of these infections, or if she is considered at risk of infection, preventive measures can lower the probability that she will pass it to her baby. To make ensure good health, have your baby checked by a doctor right away if you suspect a problem. An early diagnosis, swift treatment, and close monitoring and care give a baby the best chance of overcoming the infection. When we are talking to someone and look to our watch or our phone, we are telling them that something has come to our attention that is more important than they are, and you are essentially rejecting them. Call your child's doctor or seek emergency medical care if your new baby shows any of these possible signs of infection: A marked change in a baby's behavior, such as suddenly sleeping all the time or not sleeping much at all, can also be an indication that something isn't right. Infectious diseases physician Juan Dumois, M.D., helps families understand how to prevent RSV, what the symptoms are, when to seek treatment and how milder cases of RSV can be treated at home. 1799: A short course for midwives began in New York City, led by Dr. Valentine Seaman. an oral impairment, like problems with the tongue or palate (the roof of the mouth), a short frenulum (the fold beneath the tongue), which can limit tongue movement, what your child understands (called receptive language), what your child can say (called expressive language), your child's oralmotor status (how the mouth, tongue, palate, etc., work together for speech as well as eating and swallowing). 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. Professor of Medicine, Hospital Epidemiologist . Treatment of meningitis depends on what caused it. But sometimes, infants develop conditions that require medical tests and treatment. The New Midwifery. All rights reserved. A tear in the eardrum can allow bacteria and other things to get into the middle ear and inner ear. With coffee consumption on the rise among children and adolescents, theres discussion brewing over coffees impact. Put limits on your use, and make sure you follow them. Women who are HIV positive are advised to take antiretroviral medication during pregnancy to lower the risk that their babies will contract HIV infection. To check for a perforated eardrum, a doctor will most likely examine your ear canal with a lighted instrument called an otoscope. If all other treatments fail, the ENT specialist might have to do a kind of surgery known as a tympanoplasty. Behaviorally, this can include the reinforcement of staying connected at all times and being engaged on social media. Examples of severe symptoms are bloody discharge from your ear, extreme pain, total hearing loss in one ear, or dizziness that causes vomiting.
Darren lost his balance while waterskiing. Group B streptococcus is a common type of bacterium that can cause a variety of infections in newborns. However, theres no research currently to demonstrate whether drinking coffee in childhood could have an impacteither positively or negativelyinto adulthood. 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. All rights reserved, Center for Medical Simulation & Innovative Education, Cores, Shared Resources & Support Offices, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Ethan Battles Lifelong Epilepsy with New Technology. tissue and specimen services, Sarasota Memorial Hospital
Congenital infections also call for close medical follow-up to watch for any effects of the disease that may develop as the infant grows. The outer ear funnels sound waves into the ear canal that hit the eardrum and make it vibrate. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. If you think you have a perforated eardrum, see a doctor. by Rachel Dawkins. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 was designed primarily to extend health coverage to those without it by expanding Medicaid, creating As with other bacterial infections, the symptoms will depend on the kind of infection that develops from E. coli, but fever, unusual fussiness, listlessness, or lack of interest in feeding are common. We let some questions percolate with Diane Vizthum, M.S., R.D., a research nutritionist at the Institute for Clinical and Translational Research at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. RAMSEY, Keith M., MD . As he fell sideways, his head slapped against the water and he felt a sharp pain inside his ear. But eardrums can get ruptured a number of ways, and not all of them involve puncturing them with a swab. During this procedure, a doctor puts a paper patch over the hole. A perforated eardrum is a tear or hole in the ear's tympanic membrane (the medical name for your eardrum). The pathologist will do standardized tests and look for milestones in speech and language development. In most cases, this isn't necessary and treatment is started based on the appearance of the mouth lesions alone. 2022 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. If your child feels like he or she needs caffeine to get through the day, it would be better to work with a pediatrician to identify the root cause of what is creating the fatigue in the first place. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. A perforated eardrum can really hurt. The segment airs each Monday morning on Good Day Tampa Bay. Knowing a bit about speech and language development can help parents figure out if there's cause for concern. David Geffen School of Medicine at . Sometimes, though, doctors need to do surgery to repair the tear. Medical Director of Infection Control . If that happens, an infection could develop that can cause more hearing loss. Looking for answers, Diana Kalpakian, Ph.D., joined Melissa Faith, Ph.D., and colleagues and conducted a study in May 2020, early in the pandemic. Request an appointment with a Johns Hopkins Certified Speech-Language Pathologist. Babies born with listeriosis may show signs of infection similar to those of GBS. St. Petersburg Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 501 6th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-898-7451 1-800-456-4543 Toll Free Tampa Johns Hopkins All Children's Outpatient Care, Tampa 12220 Bruce B Downs Blvd. During Epilepsy Awareness Month, Dr. Matthew D. Smyth, M.D., chief of the pediatric neurosurgery division in the Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, explains what epilepsy is and the newer, cutting edge technology treatment options for patients like 19-year-old Ethan, who has battled seizures the majority of his life. While the eardrum is healing, over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease any pain. If she is, she will receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics during delivery to lower the risk of transmitting the bacteria to her baby.
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