Ancient Rome's Animal Cruelty For Entertainment In The Amphi-Theatre Essay for free from the best writers of Artscolumbia Largest assortment of free essays Find what you need here! [citation needed] The theatre is a practice, which "wakes us up. In Artaud's plays The Cenci and The Spurt of Blood, screams, cries, and other symbolic sounds, actions, and gestures are used to turn the universal savage in everyone away from madness and perversion to find peace in a chaotic world. [4] Artaud went on to publish his major work on the Theatre of Cruelty, The Theatre and Its Double, seven years later in 1938. Numerous 20th century and 21st-century authors have been influenced by Artauds Theatre of Cruelty. For Artaud, this was a cruel, yet necessary act upon the spectator, designed to shock them out of their complacency: Artaud sought to remove aesthetic distance, bringing the audience into direct contact with the dangers of life. 10 chapters | Hence the purpose of this post, aiming to break it down into a concise and coherent form. Theme: What is . Piercing sound and bright stage lights bombarded the audience during performances.Artaud experimented with the relationship between performer and audience, preferring to place spectators atthe very centre with the intention of trapping them inside the drama. Most would probably say yes, but just how far should the Drama teacher push his or her students to excel? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The most significant piece he wrote, The Cenci, was met with hostile reviews. THE WIZARD OF OZ- The Wizard Of Oz is a 1939 musical film about a young Kansas girl cast into a . He is responsible for conceptualizing the Theatre of Cruelty within The Theatre and its Double. Great, concise explanation thank you! one gesture to express each emotion, An emphasis on the written or spoken text was significantly reduced, The notion of text being exalted (a more powerful component) was eliminated, Artaud referred to spoken dialogue as written poetry, An emphasis was placed on improvisation, not scripts, Artaud was inspired by a performance of Balinese dancers in 1931 (use of gesture and dance), Artaud wished to create a new (largely non-verbal) language for the theatre, Ritualistic movement was a key component (often replacing traditional text/spoken words), Performers communicated some of their stories through, Signs in the Theatre of Cruelty were facial expressions and movement, His stylised movement was known as visual poetry, Dance and gesture became just as effective as the spoken word, Movement and gesture replaced more than words, standing for ideas and attitudes of the mind, Movement often created violent or disturbing images on stage, Sometimes the violent images were left to occur in the minds of the audience (not left on stage), Artaud consciously experimented with the actor-audience relationship, relationship between the actor and audience in the Theatre of Cruelty was intimate, There was a preference for actors to perform around the audience, who were placed in the centre (rectangle/ring/boundary), He attempted to reduce or eliminate altogether the special space set aside for the actors (the stage), Grotowski refuted Artauds concept of eliminating the stage area, Performers being placed in the four corners / on four sides of the space was revolutionary for the time(? If you are stuck to that, then you will never understand. He influenced surrealists. Reading The Theatre and its Double was like reading my own mind. The Theatre of Cruelty, defined in the late 1930s, took the Surrealist approach to create its own violent and ritualized theory of drama. Theatre of Cruelty practitioners have followed his lead in making their plays as unpleasant as possible. Hey, thanks a lot for the idea! Gesture, dance, and movement were all more powerful in Artauds manifesto of theatre than a language was. Thought's dictation, in absence of all control exercised by the reason and outside all esthetic or moral preoccupation. It only showed 17 times and did not garner a great response. Reflected in the lies of the communist government of China; in the marching scene. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. For example, Betty, Clive's wife is played by a man while her son Edward is played by a girl. Their strange, almost inhuman gestures evoked profound emotion, much of it uncomfortable, and prompted reflection on the true purpose of the theater. " Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) Thank you this was very helpful for my Drama GCSE homework. [citation needed] Artaud felt that the focus of theatre in the west had become far too narrowprimarily examining the psychological suffering of individuals or the societal struggles of specific groups of people. Hi Jackie, the surrealism images used in this post are in your inbox. The Young Man comes back on stage and is joined by the Priest who tells him that he enjoys hearing people's dirty stories during confessional. Epic theatre was a theatrical movement arising in the early to mid-20th century from the theories and practice of a number of theatre practitioners, including Erwin Piscator, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold and, most famously, Bertolt Brecht. Baldwin, Emma. The text was not as important as the action on stage. Im pretty sure I understand Artaud, Michael. Artaud would poke himself with a pen and then stab the . (1958) Theatre and Its Double, Trans. This alone has triggered many ideas to workshop and experiment with. Omissions? [6], In his writings on the Theatre of Cruelty, Artaud notes that both "theatre" and "cruelty" are separate from their colloquial meanings. "[15], Defining Artaud's "theatre" and "cruelty". For Artaud,. Artaud's Theater of Cruelty. Artaud, deeply influenced by Freud, started off as a Surrealist. "[3], In his lifetime, Artaud only produced one play that put the theories of the Theatre of Cruelty into practice. The Screens - (1994) Genet's last play, written in the context of the Algerian War, is a political satire of colonization, military power, and morality. . The men run off stage. Ah, that's what he was looking for.'. Read on the ruins of Europe, they will be classics. Difficult (1 votes) Create your account. Is pushing Drama students to work hard a good thing? A creative mind, Artaud often looked abroad for inspiration, incorporating movements from Balinese Dance. Other creators, like Jean Genet, have also been influenced by the Theatre of Cruelty. Examples. They would also have a sense-based experience that was unrivaled by other theatrical forms. The title of his book comes from the claim that theater is the double of life, and life is the double of theater. Justin, Dear Justin, These images are amazing. Excellent! This paper concentrates more on the theatrical techniques used by Artaud and not on the dramatic literature. Artaud first proposed a form of theatre which is able to move away from the traditional textual and scenic representation. What I have in this post is as straightforward as I can explain his theories, however, I would recommend you get a hold of this out of print book Artaud for Beginners. Theater of Cruelty a philosophy and a discipline is meant to challenge the notion of the theater as an escape to realistic fantasy, convincing us instead of the theater's role as a crude attacker of the human subconscious. His followers included Irish playwright Samuel Beckett (Waiting for Godot) and English theatre director Peter Brook, among others. "Antonin Artaud | French author and actor", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Cruelty&oldid=1116560294. He is the completely rebellious artist and took risks all his life to prove it. | 15 English Dictionary :theatre of cruelty meaning, theatre of cruelty definition, theatre of cruelty Slang, what does theatre of cruelty mean? His plays featured ritualized murder and systemic oppression in order to show the negative consequences and suffering caused by political subjugation. The Goal of Antonin Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty. Other examples of the Theatre of Cruelty include: The "Theatre of Cruelty" is a form of experimental theater created by Antonin Artaud. A big shout-out to Lindsay Goodhand: when this lady wasn't singing, she was playing one of her woodwind instruments or acting as Fraulein Klost. "The Politics of the Body: Pina Bausch's. . He believed that everyone was living a lie and should just accept reality rather than ignoring the truth. Words were an insufficient medium of expression. The Theatre of Cruelty aims to use lights, sound, movement, and grotesque gesture to shock the audience. Given that the target audience of this blog is high school drama/theatre teachers and their students, Im sure youd agree The Theatre and Its Double is not exactly easy reading for a teenager. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons The musical was a great hit and went on to become one of the most successful musicals in the world. Reserve: 02/11/2022 Unfortunately, when this book was published, Artaud was at his lowest, nearly catatonic in a mental institution in Sainte-Anne. Yet when the Surrealists embraced communism. Ben Sixsmith. She holds a master's degree in education and is a National Board Certified Teacher. Inspired by the Surrealists who looked to dreams instead of logic for inspiration to create a true reality, this dramatic movement uses actors to immerse the audience through action rather than dialogue. He advocated an experimental theatre focusing on movement, gesture, dance and signals instead of relying primarily on text as a means of communication.Much of Artauds writings are difficult to comprehend, including the manifestos on his Theatre of Cruelty in the collected essays The Theatre and Its Double.While his theories and works were not fully appreciated in his lifetime, the influence of Artaud on 20th-century theatre has been significant. Also the slow motion walk to execution. Contact. Qty: 1 Secure transaction Ships from tabletopart Sold by This book examines the influence of the early modern period on Antonin Artaud's seminal . - Terms, Time Periods and Styles, History of Drama: Dramatic Movements and Time Periods, Elements of Drama: Characters, Plot, Setting & Symbolism, Dramatic Farce: History, Examples and Playwrights, Elements of Melodrama: From Early Theater to the Modern Soap Opera, Analyzing Dramatic Works: Theme, Character Development & Staging, 10th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 9th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Study.com ACT® English Test Section: Prep & Practice, Study.com ACT® Reading Test Section: Prep & Practice, 12th Grade English: Homeschool Curriculum, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, Benito Cereno: Summary, Themes & Analysis, Homily in Literature: Definition & Examples, A Chaste Maid in Cheapside by Thomas Middleton: Summary & Themes, Measure for Measure by Shakespeare: Summary, Characters, Themes & Analysis, All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy: Symbolism & Themes, All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy: Summary & Analysis, The Sound of Waves by Yukio Mishima: Summary & Characters, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. When the leading Surrealist, Andre Breton, declared that Surrealism was communist, Artaud broke with the movement. He believed theatre relied too heavily on written word and realism. Its my favorite bedtime book. She bites God on the wrist and blood spurts all over the stage. Thankyou this was really helpful.Just did a mock GCSE that explored Artauds use of drama.Then had to write and explain about Artaud in a devising log that was marked by an exam board.Really appreciate it. Within Artauds work, audience experience was at the forefront. Theatre Of Cruelty By Antonin Artaud. Thanks for your feedback Beatrice. You love me and everything is beautiful' until a hurricane separates them and they run off stage. She was fab-U-lous and the best . The Theatre of Cruelty, imagined by Antonin Artaud, sought to confront the audience's fears in order to help them overcome them. Restaurants near English Theatre Gallusanlage 7, 60329 Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. Light and sound are used to enhance the audience's shock at the torture, incest, and rape happening in front of them. Glad this resource helped you in your studies. #christmas #funny #dramaXD, [] Abbott, as he was known to his coworkers, was one of the most accomplished stage directors during the Golden, Artaud saw both the world around him and the theatre, itself, in need of change, He was briefly a member of the Surrealism movement, His theatre set to awaken the dormant dream images of our minds, Artauds theoretical writings included a series of manifestos on the theatre. Artaud, however, believed that, while he was forced to limit the scope of his vision due to financial constraints, Les Cenci succeeded in exemplifying the tenets of the Theatre of Cruelty.[11]. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Perhaps his mental instability made him look at life through a distorted looking glass. . The goal was to provoke a purely rational reflection on some deep social problem. According to scholar Nathan Gorelick, Cruelty is, more profoundly, the unrelenting agitation of a life that has become unnecessary, lazy, or removed from a compelling force. During the early 1930s, the French dramatist and actor Antonin Artaud put forth a theory for a Surrealist theatre called the Theatre of Cruelty. Breton was very much taken with the work of Sigmund Freud, who proposed that conscious experience only brings a small portion of mental life to the light of awareness. Read more A theatre of cruelty or of the absurd? Les Cenci was, unfortunately, the only play that Artaud put into production based on his theories of the Theatre of Cruelty. He wrote about criminality, homosexuality, and more. Expression was at the heart of his connection to the audience. The 'cruelty' in Artaud's thesis was sensory, it exists in the work's capacity to shock and confront the audience, to go beyond words and connect with the emotions: to wake up the nerves and the heart. He was born in September 1896 and throughout his life worked as a poet, writer, dramatist, actor, theatre director, and more. All rights reserved. Artaud attempted to stage his theories in 1935 with The Cenci, a play partially . The Theatre of Cruelty is a type of theatre in which the audience 's senses are constantly stressed and engaged by lights, sounds, movements, and more. 4 /5. Artaud has inspired me to create my own play. Artaud wanted performers to move back toward myth and ritual in order to act on the audience's subconscious. The Theatre of Cruelty can be seen as a break from traditional Western theatre and a means by which artists assault the senses of the audience. Example Of Apostrophe In Macbeth Playwright, William Shakespeare, in his drama, Macbeth, warns about the dangers of how ambition can lead to devastation. The aim of the Theatre of Cruelty was to shock audiences and assault their senses in a way that Western theatre was not known for. Including the pain of slitting the wrists to write words in blood, the gagging when cut across the throat and finally the triumphant ending for Lin. Often, Artaud's plays centered the . The Maids - ( 1947) Another play by Jean Genet that encapsulates the cruelity of class distinctions and the freedom that comes from destruction. The production encouraged the spectator to view its unfolding narrative with the 'expert' attention of a boxing fan who, while . ), Grotowski argued Artauds use of space was not revolutionary; it had already been attempted, The audience was therefore placed in a weaker, less powerful position (encircled by actors), The audience was often seated on swivel chairs (easily swinging around to follow the action), Galleries and catwalks above the drama enabled the performers to look down on the audience (trapping them inside the drama), Emphasis on light and sound in performances, The sound was often loud, piercing, and hypnotising for the audience, The audiences senses were assaulted with movement, light and sound (hence cruelty in the title), Music and sound (voice, instrument, recorded) often accompanied stage movement or text, Lighting used a combination of flooded light and pinpointed, Using spectacle and sensation, Artaud wanted his Theatre of Cruelty to hypnotise its audience, Colour, light and costume added theatrical effect (opposite to Grotowski and Poor Theatre), Sets were eliminated from performances, (but musical instruments could form part of the set), The Theatre of Cruelty is total theatre (full of spectacle), There is some evidence projection and/or film may have been used in Artauds performances, Artaud likened the process of film editing to the juxtaposition between performers movements and gestures, Oversized puppets/mannequins/effigies were sometimes used to create contrast in size with the actors, 4 Serious Problems With Contemporary Theatre. The Philosophy of Composition by Edgar Allan Poe | Summary & Analysis, The Garden Party by Katherine Mansfield | Themes & Analysis, The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe | Summary & Analysis, Hamlet by William Shakespeare Study Guide, Macbeth by William Shakespeare Study Guide, English 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Holt McDougal Literature Grade 9 Common Core Edition: Online Textbook Help, Georgia Milestones - American Literature & Composition EOC: Test Prep & Practice, Create an account to start this course today. It included depictions of parricide and incest. I certainly enjoy teaching Artaud in the senior high drama classroom and my students always find his concepts for the theatre engaging, yet challenging. Examples from the Collins Corpus Review Antonin Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty. Surrealism was inspired by Sigmund Freud's study of the unconscious mind. "suggest that theater, more generally, provides structure for cruel performance, and that violent land conflict, together with forest destruction, constitutes a predictable tragedy of theatrical events. Caryl Churchill's Cloud Nine, the Theatre of Cruelty and Otherness. By turning theatre into a place where the spectator is exposed rather than protected, Artaud was committing an act of cruelty upon them. I have to create a 45min 65min long seminar for my class and I will need to go over the style of theatre thoroughly. Accordingly, he felt that words should be stripped of meaning and chosen for their phonic elements. Dont write about Artaud if you arent ready to understand it. She doesn't really listen to anyone. The stage directions are surreal in nature and ask for such things as hurricanes and live pieces of human bodies to fall from the sky. Unlike most forms of theater, the text is not central to the Theatre of Cruelty. Artaud attempted to stage his theories in 1935 with The Cenci, a play partially adapted from Percy B. Shelley's story that told of a 16th century Italian noble who was killed by his servants. The combined influences of Beckett and Antonin Artaud's "Theatre of Cruelty" are evident in this play about a nightmarish junkyard hosting a colorful but remorseless cast of characters. Artaud was opposed to theatrical productions based on venerated classical texts or established . has been created in order to restore to the theatre a passionate and convulsive conception of life, and it is in this sense of violent rigour and extreme condensation of scenic elements that the cruelty on which it is based must be understood. While Apollinaire is known as the founder of Surrealist theatre, it was Andr Breton's 'The Surrealist Manifesto' that sought to unify the reality of the mind and reality that surrounds us. Artauds conception of the Theatre of Cruelty involved the audiences centrality to the performance. After watching a performance by a Balinese dance troupe, Artaud set off to create a new form of theater, one that utilized gesture, movement, and jarring sounds to shock people and unlock the insights of the unconscious mind. Foremost among these is Surrealism. "Though many of those theatre-artists proclaimed an Artaudian lineage," Susie Tharu argues, "the Artaud they invoke is marked by a commitment as ahistorical and transcendent as their own." More specifically I will need to include the : Biography on the practitioner(s), a detailed description of the elements, principles, and style of the genre, and a workshop (40-45 minutes) that exposes students to the style of the genre. Examples run daily in Las Vegas or Orlando, Florida, and include murder-mystery themes, medieval themes, or magic shows with dinner served. Thanks for your feedback. Artaud was not afraid to experiment and at one point he lived and studied with the Tarahumaran people in Mexico. The surrealist stage directions and the symbolic gestures intensify the performance that is meant to show us how people, especially women, have created chaos and destruction in our world. We did this by shouting at them a scenario in which we believed they had done us wrong.The subject I used was cheating. First, it is employed metaphorically to describe the essence of human existence. Understanding the complexities of his life, and its struggles may help readers understand what he was trying to accomplish with the Theatre of Cruelty. To ensure that the audience was completely immersed in the action, he wanted them to sit in swivel chairs in the middle of the performance so the performance would take place all around them. Though Artaud was not a successful playwright, his vision inspired many prominent writers and directors. Artaud's works have been highly influential on artists including Jean Genet, Jerzy Grotowski, Peter Brook, and Romeo Castellucci. He also placed a great emphasis on sound rather than words or dialogue, by incorporating loud cries, screams, eerie sounds, or noises causing the audience to become uncomfortable. The Surrealists tried to access deeper truths in dreams and dream-like states. Its Genet that most scholars cite as having been influenced most successfully by Artauds theatre. Thats great news, Cara! this was insanely helpful, thank you so so much justin. . "[8], Stephen Barber explains that "the Theatre of Cruelty has often been called an 'impossible theatre'vital for the purity of inspiration which it generated, but hopelessly vague and metaphorical in its concrete detail." Then, in the 1930s, he wrote the Manifesto of the Theatre of Cruelty. Thanks. His theories have shaped high-profile performances such as Marat/Sade, and prominent playwrights such as Samuel Beckett. Was just wondering if you had a refference list available for this? [2] Historical [ edit] Main article: History (theatrical genre) An actress performs a play in front of 2 statues from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. very helpful with my drama diary thank you, very helpful with my drama diary thank you (GSCE). This is in keeping with the somewhat abstruse theories of Artaud. My class has 16 students in it (including my partner and I). This examination demonstrates the Theatre of Cruelty's affinities not with the usual Artaud has these returning themes of knives, holes, banging nails; The text became like a continuation of the body. Genet was a novelist and playwright who also came to be known as a political activist. Instead, he meant that it was up to the actors to show the audience things they didn't want to see. Artaud, who was briefly a member of the surrealist movement, outlined his theories in The Theatre and Its Double. Famous quotes containing the words theatre of, theatre and/or cruelty: " The History of the world is not the theatre of happiness. All terms defined are created by a team of talented literary experts, to provide an in-depth look into literary terms and poetry, like no other. This will all make sense with Artauds Theatre of Cruelty. In 1964, Peter Brook and Charles Marowitz of The Royal Shakespeare Company debuted Artaud's The Spurt of Blood, also known as The Jet of Blood and The Fountain of Blood, nearly 40 years after Artaud wrote it in 1925. In place of language, he believed that images and gestures revealed ineffable emotions and experiences. Rather, he believed that his new form of theater would reveal deep truths about the corrupting influence of civilization and the purity of primitive life. The idea of a theatre of cruelty was first introduced by Antonin Artaud to describe a form of theatre that he hoped would unleash unconscious responses in audiences and performers that were normally inaccessible. Cruel Theatre is a critically acclaimed performance group and registered charity dedicated to producing plays dealing with relevant, contemporary socio-political issues staged with high artistic standards and integrity. In England, famed theatre director Peter Brook experimented with the Theatre of Cruelty in a series of workshops at the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC). You have the causation working the wrong direction. It's the fun-loving Theater of Cruelty, which was pioneered by the genius Antonin Artaud in France during the inter-war period in twentieth century. Study the history and characteristics of the Theatre of Cruelty, see examples, and learn Artaud's influence in theatrics. A recent example of a political application is Peter Sellars's 2002 staging of Artaud's 1947 radio play, "To Have Done with the Judgment . . Did Antonin Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty manage to change society in the way he intended? Into this theatre of cruelty? Often, Artauds plays centered the audience and structured the performance physically around them. A relevant example can be seen in the recent sell-out 2012 play The Changeling directed by Joe Hill-Gibbin who's reproduction has taken on Artaud's elements of theatre by assaulting the audience's senses, gestures and movements and by the themes 1206 Words 5 Pages Decent Essays Preview Analysis Of Theatre Of Cruelty Artaud's works have been highly influential on artists including Jean Genet, Jerzy Grotowski, Peter Brook, and Romeo Castellucci. The Early Modern Theatre Of Cruelty And Its Doubles written by Amanda Di Ponio and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-21 with Performing Arts categories. The Theatre of Cruelty is important because of the influence Artauds writings had on 20th-century avant-garde literature and drama. Introduction. This cruelty, which will be bloody when necessary but not systematically so, can thus be identified with a kind of severe moral purity which is not afraid to pay life the price it must be paid. Antonin Artaud was born Antoine-Marie-Joseph Artaud in Marseille in 1896. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Parents and children must separate from one another so that young . Its so hard of a project:(. When speaking about Les Cenci, the playwright sad that the opening scene was suggestive of extreme atmospheric turbulence, with wind-blown drapes, waves of suddenly amplified sound, and crowds of figures engaged in furious orgy. Artauds interest in Oriental theatre is also seen through this production. theatre of cruelty Meaning Slang, theatre of cruelty meaning,slang,pronunciation,translation and example. These include writers like Peter Brooke and Romeo Castellucci. 12. Always good to get some feedback. The Theater of Cruelty was meant to. In, Price, David W. 1990. He has a BA in Philosophy from UC Santa Barbara, and an MA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from CEVRO Institute, Prague, Czech Republic. Perhaps it is the holy, ritualistic, surreal, hypnotising, bombarding and movement-based elements of Artauds drama that make it a challenge for theatre-makers? The Nurse, who has large breasts, says she sees the Young Man and the Young Girl 'screwing,' which is incestuous. [10] In the 1960s, a number of directors began to incorporate Artaud's theories and staging practices in their work, including Jerzy Grotowski at the Theater Laboratory in Poland. Yes, it is avant-garde, but so is a lot of great theatre. Some examples of tragedies include William Shakespeare's Hamlet, and also John Webster 's play The Duchess of Malfi. Should I give them all a scene or something to act out, or a theme, and ask them to try and portray that theme through the techniques youve learned through Artauds style of theatre? Please would you elaborate on the concept of cruelty as conceived by Artaud because I find it too intricate to be pin down and utterly philosophical, Hi Jamila, unfortunately, Artuads concepts for the theatre are quite difficult to understand and as you rightly pointed out, utterly philosophical. Justin. An error occurred trying to load this video. He believed gesture and movement to be more powerful than text. Artauds works are enormously hard to read and comprehend but, they do contain a series of important themes and characteristics necessary for understanding his vision of what theatre can be. "[14], In 2011, a group of geography and sociology professors used the Theatre of Cruelty as a conceptual, experience based technique to explore the agrarian struggle and deforestation in the Amazon Basin. Master 's degree in education and is part of the non-rational, unconscious mind is a sequence of images shock!, incorporating movements from Balinese dance, piercing sound, and learn grammar Brechtian Epic Overview. In education and is a 1939 musical film about a Young Kansas Girl cast into a where Secrets in poetry needed ] the theatre of Cruelty having sex them to do,! 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