Resistance-conferring mutations can be specific to a particular antibiotic or they can provide protection to multipleoften relateddrugs. Ingredient activity of the disk was checked with standardized reference strain of E. coli (ATCC 25922); sensitive to all the antimicrobial drugs tested by Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) was used as a control. It exhibits resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobial agents and expresses diverse molecular epidemiology to various established classes of . Between 2014 and 2016, there were 700,000 deaths around the world attributed to antibiotic resistance. Scarce data are available about the distribution of antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes in Campylobacter strains isolated from poultry meat samples. 1, 2 amr is considered a significant threat to the public health systems not just in developing countries but throughout the world. In a PLOS Biology article, researchers utilized a technique originally developed for identifying novel antifungals [9]. Previous bovine thermophilic campylobacter prevalence in Jimma Zone is 12.7% [13], 5% of desired absolute precision and 95% confidence interval. 6. This way of thinking makes it easy to ignore. The manuscript has been looked at for minor grammar mistakes and the manuscript suffers from a huge amount of grammatical errors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species from bovine, knives and personnel in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. we define three main ways in which bacterial communities, or subpopulations of communities, can survive exposure to antimicrobials due to interspecies interactions: (1) collective resistance,. Please include your amended statements within your cover letter; we will change the online submission form on your behalf. We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript. Yes 1 You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'. Research Background: In this first national bloodstream infection (BSI) surveillance program in China, we assessed the composition of pathogenic bacteria and the trends for antimicrobial susceptibility. However, this fact seems to me not to be enough and perhaps the authors should consider a journal with local impact. The study was conducted at Jimma Municipal Abattoir in Jimma Town. AMR is increasingly becoming a global threat, both economically as well as in terms of health. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available? g. We respect the reviewer comment and strongly disagree with the idea study region is not enough reason to conduct research. Since the 1940s, these drugs have greatly reduced illness and death from infectious diseases. We thank the reviewer for the comments and words mentioned in line 93 and 96 were replaced accordingly. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented. The study was conducted for a year (October 2019 to September 2020) at Jimma Town Municipal Abattoir. Collection Contents 20 results [ALL] A B C D E F This research work was funded by Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Moreover, we did not used standard strains of Campylobacter species; instead we used E. coli (ATCC 25922) to check the contents of drugs. The search must be at least three characters long. A critically important but often overlooked aspect of the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections is the role of the immune system in clearance. The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is an inter-professional organisation with over 40 years of experience and achievement in antibiotic education, research and leadership. A total of 684 samples (171 samples from faeces, carcasses, knives and personnel hands, were collected independently). Samples from the environment, personnel hands and knives were taken aseptically with sterile cotton tipped swabs. Internet Explorer). However, the Fund is actively considering how to broaden its remit in response to a very different global contextnotably, the need for further measures to strengthen pandemic preparedness and create resilient health systems in an era of climate crisis. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacteria in Children With Acute Otitis Media and Ear Discharge A Systematic . All PLOS journals require that the minimal data set be made fully available. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common species responsible for an array of diseases in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, bones, joints and different systemic infections of normal and immunocompromised patients as well. The role of cattle in the epidemiology of Campylobacter is not known fully and likely a complex web of transmission exists between people, poultry, cattle, other livestock, wild reservoir hosts, and the environment. Moreover, humans may acquire the infection from cross-contamination of ready-to-eat meat by knives, cutting boards or contaminated hands and/or improper cooking. Activity of newest generation -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combination therapies against multidrug resistant, Tackling malaria transmission at a single cell level in an endemic setting in sub-Saharan Africa, Chloramphenicol resistance is too hot to handle. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2003775. In a PLOS Genetics article, the scientists map the evolution of mecA from its original role cell wall biosynthesis [7]. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. This research work was funded by Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Antibiotic Resistance. Copyright Note that it is not acceptable for the authors to be the sole named individuals responsible for ensuring data access. . Innovation has been extremely slow. Above all, AMR must be seen as a global issue, which needs a globally coherent plan with a One Health approach. PMC legacy view Scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA (purple). Within one week, youll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. Research Highlights We improved the grammar and unclear sentences in the revised manuscript. In your Data Availability statement, you have not specified where the minimal data set underlying the results described in your manuscript can be found. 26 April 2022. When these have been addressed, youll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication. Polymyxins arrange the bacterial lipids into regular hexagonal structures that stiffen the membrane and lead to rupture. Before Antibiotic resistance is a threat to the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. Asmai R, Karraouan B, Es-Soucratti K, En-Nassiri H, Bouchrif B, Karib H, et al. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance eISSN: 2213-7173 pISSN: 2213-7165 Open Access Share this on: Scope & Metrics Journal Specification Published Literature Similar Journals FAQs Key Metrics CiteScore 4 Eigenfactor 0.005 - 0.01 Impact Factor < 5 Scite Index 0.82 5-Year SI SJR Q3 Immunology SNIP 1.05 Topics Covered Staphylococcus aureus Genome Provenance: Written by editorial staff; not externally peer reviewed. Three to four morphologically identical colonies of bacteria were picked and suspended in sterile normal saline. Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of extended-spectrum -lactamases, AmpC -lactamases and carbapenemases among Proteus, Providencia and Morganella isolated from global hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: Results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART), 2008-2011 Wayne, PA: CLSI: 2015. The existing burden of AMR and its future threat should be an urgent stimulus to revise and widen The Global Fund's mission. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. Is the Subject Area "Antibiotic resistance" applicable to this article? For each thermophilic Campylobacter isolate, the zone of inhibition around each of the 11 antibiotic disks was measured to the closest millimeter. 22 October 2022 School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2 Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. g. We thank the reviewer for critical review and the mentioned words in line 35 & 36 were eliminated in the revised manuscript. | Please do not edit.]. If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. An increasing numbers of Campylobacter isolates have developed resistance to antimicrobials, mainly in low and middle-income countries. Moreover, Oxidase test and Catalase test were performed for the identification of thermo-tolerant Campylobacter genera. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click isolated from meats, animal, and human feces in Northern of Morocco. The method uses previously generated chemical-genetic datasets and as a proof-of-concept, the researchers identified new synergistic combinations, including one with the classic antiviral, AZT. We thank Jimma Town Abattoir workers for their support and participation in this study. An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. The growth of antibiotic resistance has stimulated interest in understanding the mechanisms by which antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) are mobilized. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. e. We appreciate and thank the reviewer for suggesting very important research findings to compare with our work. 2. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, Peanut oral immunotherapy in very young children. Our research finding determines the current status of Campylobacter species in Jimma Town Abattoir, source of contamination and level of antibiotic resistance. 2010 Apr;35(4):322-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011. The COVID-19 pandemic could even accelerate the problem of AMR due to antibiotic misuse and prolonged hospital stays. 4. Accepted papers will be published in the journal (as soon as accepted) and meanwhile listed together on the special issue website. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Research Highlights If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office atgro.solp@enosolp. considers some of the critical issues for researchers working in this . No, Is the Subject Area "Antibiotics" applicable to this article? PONE-D-22-17337Isolation, identification and antibiogram profile of thermophilic Campylobacter species from bovine, knives and personnel at Jimma Town abattoir, EthiopiaPLOS ONE. 84.2% of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance for three-to-six drug classes. We discussed our findings comparing with suggested studies. No, Is the Subject Area "Microbial evolution" applicable to this article? Draft Genome Sequences of extensively drug resistant and pandrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospital wastewater in South Africa. You can review and change the way we collect information below. CLSI. Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Citation: Richardson LA (2017) Understanding and overcoming antibiotic resistance. This Special Issue in ES&T entitled Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Informing Policy and Practice to Prevent the Spread presents 26 papers that together showcase our many advances in understanding antimicrobial resistance in the environment as a problem. Another critical element for understanding the evolution of resistance is the cost that resistance-conferring mutations have on bacterial fitness (i.e. Thus, there is a limited arsenal of drugs to fight resistant bacteria, and bacteria can be resistant to multiple drugs at a time. Sources of data Peer-reviewed journal articles, governmental and professional society publications. Robinson TP, Bu DP, Carrique-Mas J, Fvre EM, Gilbert M, Grace D, et al. Identification of Campylobacter species. Gram stain was performed to identify the characteristics of Campylobacter, Gram negative with an S shaped and gull wing appearance. Prevalence and antimicrobial profiling of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter species are known to cause gastroenteritis in human, caused predominantly by C. jejuni, followed by C. coli, C. lari and C. fetus. Descriptive statistics was used for calculating percentage and frequency distributions, and odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of variables at 95%CI and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to isolate and identify thermophilic Campylobacter species from live bovine faeces, its carcass, knife swabs and personnel hand swabs, (ii) to determine antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates at Jimma Town Municipal Abattoir. In Press, Journal Pre-proof, Available online 2 September 2022. Other studies also reported chloramphenicol and Tetracycline resistant Campylobacter species [16, 41]. ID 23 Issue 3.1. Multidrug resistance among the isolates was also high. Campylobacters also harbor AMR genes with the capability of horizontal transfer between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms, which could lead possibly to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms [12]. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. Open Highlights Learn . However, these drugs have been used so widely and for so long that the infectious organisms the antibiotics are designed to kill are adapting to them, making the drugs less effective. 1. The inconsistency of the prevalence may be ascribed to geographical and environmental variability in the country. Campylobacter isolates in the present study were susceptible to Nalidixic acid (86.8%), ciprofloxacin (86.8%), Sulphamethazole (84.2%) and ceftriaxone (78.9%). However, funding information should not appear in the Acknowledgments section or other areas of your manuscript. Keeping in view of the facts, the article may not be found suitable for publication in the reputed and high impact Plos One journal. The Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (JGAR) is a quarterly online Open Access journal run by an international Editorial Board that focuses on the global spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. In case of swab samples, each cotton wool swab was moistened and rubbed on sites continuously for 30 seconds and transferred to a sterile screw-capped test tube containing 10 ml of Cary-Blair transporting media. This work highlights the importance of considering the microbial context during infectious disease. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat to the health of populations, endangering the ability to prevent and cure a wide range of infectious diseases [1-3].Despite being a global issue, there is a disparate distribution of AMR among countries, with more impact on the developing countries [4-6].This higher burden on developing countries could attribute to . Its transmissions to humans is mainly through food-borne, from food animals and animal products [3]. We thank the reviewer comment on study design. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters). The isolated thermophilic Campylobacter species were screened for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using the standard agar disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutions [23] for eleven antimicrobial agents on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid Ltd.) supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Identification of these genes is important to understand resistance epidemiology, for verification of non-susceptible phenotypes and for identification of resistant strains, when genes are weakly expressed in vitro. 2022 is also the 20th anniversary of The Global Fund's inception. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Even though no statistically significant difference was observed, the number of Campylobacter species isolated from knives swabs was higher than personnel hands swabs. Where, n = required sample size, Pexp = expected prevalence, d = desired absolute precision. Please pay special attention to the comments provided by reviewer 1 and 3 prior to resubmission. Introduction. A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English? We will update your Data Availability statement to reflect the information you provide in your cover letter. | All the C. lari isolates were multidrug resistant. 11 April 2022. The susceptibility of Campylobacter to available drugs is tending decreased and continuous assessment of AMR at different sites and regions is essential [13, 14]. Antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter: susceptibility testing methods and resistance trends, BSAC Working Party on Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrobial resistance genes encoded in bacterial chromosomes, such as multidrug efflux pumps in P aeruginosa, are usually not mobile, whereas those that are carried in plasmids can disseminate rapidly among bacteria of the same or different species. Reviewer #3:The authors should improved their manuscript following the reviewer comment uploaded. Editorial board J.M. antimicrobial resistance (amr) occurs when microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites become able to adapt and grow in the presence of medications that once impacted them. 3rd ed. WHO. Since antibiotic resistance is the result of natural selection for resistance-conferring mutations, it is important to understand the evolutionary processes underlying this selection. Section Information. The expression of the metabolizing enzyme in the non-pathogenic strain deactivates the drug in the immediate environment, despite its intracellular localization, allowing for the outgrowth of the drug-sensitive pathogenic strain (Fig 1). Yes It is included now (the regular basis) in the revised manuscript. The Institute of Medicine estimates the annual cost of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be U.S.$4 to $5 billion ().However, methods for measuring economic impact of resistance are in their infancy, and the studies leave many questions unanswered (). Public Health England. Antimicrobial resistance among the C. coli than C. jejuni strains was associated with the presence of antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes, particularly cmeB, tet(O), blaOXA-61 and aadE1 genes. This study comprehensively assesses the fitness cost of mutations conferring resistance to an antifungal drug, revealing a steep resistancefunction trade-off. We thank the reviewer for the comments and paragraphs in line 38-39, 81-83 and 88-89 were reformulated in the revised manuscript. c. We thank the reviewer comment on capitalizing genus name initials in the manuscript and corrected accordingly. Multidrug resistant patterns in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria have resulted in difficult-to-treat or even untreatable infections with conventional antimicrobials. 4. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection. Although the emergence of resistant microorganisms is a natural phenomenon, selection is . 21 October 2022