wogdon and barton dueling pistols

Lot 3248 in the upcoming August 26-28 Premier Auction: A classic pair of Wogdon dueling pistols from circa 1780. After he forcibly abducted Mary to the north of England, a warrant was issued for Stoney Bowes arrest. These types are similar to duelling pistols in that they were muzzle-loading weapons that were sometimes expensively made and sold in matched, cased pairs with a set of accessories. The 10"" swamped at the muzzle octagon 67 caliber smooth bore barrels have good bores with light roughness. Famous for duelling pistols. An Irish duelling pistol, dated 1774, a collectors term for a gun where the barrel is longer than 10in, with a short, straight butt. The pistols used in this duel are believed to have been the Wogdon & Barton pistols owned by John Barker Church, Alexander Hamiltons brother-in-law. The duelists would take their allotted place and then fire upon a signal from one of the seconds such as the dropping of a handkerchief with a set amount of time to fire after the signal had been given. He died early the next morning. In 1797, Alexander Hamilton's brother-in-law, John Baker Church, had obtained an exquisite pair of custom-made dueling pistols made by Wogdon. Read British gunmakers of the 21st century for more about the companies continuing a long tradition. SCHEELS 0.00. The trigger guard finial is an engraved acorn. This dueling flintlock pistol is by Robert Wogdon (1733-1813), a well-known London gunsmith from Lincolnshire who operated at Haymarket, London, from 1774 to 1802. It is also only the second pair of Wogdons known with 16-sided barrels. Hamilton had opposed Burrs political campaigns since the 1790s, and letters were published indicating Hamilton at a dinner expressed his opposition to Burr politically, called him a dangerous man, and held a still more despicable opinion of Burr. However, there is rarely any information as to the type, ownership or maker of the pistols used. When facing down a, The birth of the legendary Barrett M82 sniper rifle, is a fascinating American tale of inspiration, dedication, and innovation. "Loan Exhibition of European Arms and Armor," August 3September 27, 1931, no. Handguns, Pistols, & Revolvers | SCHEELS.com Pistol (a): L. 16 1/8 in. Robert Wogdon, a gunmaker most famous for his dueling pistols, partnered with John Barton late in his career. Philip was mortally wounded, and died in agony the following day. It also breaks from the longstanding tradition of decorative opulence in fine Continental European firearms.London gunmakers favored subtle embellishments that complemented the firearms deliberate and meticulous assemblies. Duelling pistol - Wikipedia (41 cm); L. of barrel 11 15/16 in. Cobra Derringers are beautifully handcrafted with a wide range of calibers and barrel lengths that provides versatile and reliable service for a lifetime. Robert Wogdon, a gunmaker most famous for his dueling pistols, partnered with John Barton late in his career. They have small blade front and fixed notch rear sights. The finest London firearms made in the classic British style of the early nineteenth century rank among the most stately and innovative in the history of gunmaking. Hamilton languished until 2 p.m. on July 12, 1804. SUBSCRIBE today for our lowest ever deal, SIX ISSUES for JUST 6 by clicking on THIS link. 1.5 oz. 12.9 oz. (39.4 cm); Wt. Two Engraved English Flintlock Pistols -A) Desirable Wogdon & Barton Dueling PistolWogdon dueling pistols are among the most historical and were used in the most famous of all American duels: the Burr-Hamilton affair. As John Norris writes in Pistols at Dawn: A History of Duelling, Wogdons name has unarguably become more closely associated with dueling pistols than any other gunsmith of the period, and has come to epitomize these specialized firearms. The circumstances of the duel began when the Duke of York let it be known, that Colonel Lennox had heard words spoken to him at Daubignys [a gentlemans club] to which no gentleman ought to have submitted. As part of the Met's Open Access policy, you can freely copy, modify and distribute this image, even for commercial purposes. Not all fine, antique pairs of pistols are duelling pistols, though they may be called so. (39.4 cm); Wt. A 28-Bore Flintlock Duelling PistolBy Wogdon & Barton, London, Circa 1800. This article about a company of the UK is a stub. More Info. London proof marks and RW barrel makers mark. As you can see, hitting a man-sized target with a muzzleloading pistol wouldnt have been particularly difficult. Perhaps the most bizarre duel in which Wogdon pistols were used took place on 13 January 1777 between the Reverend Henry Bate and Andrew Robinson Stoney. When General Hamilton arrived, the seconds measured out the distance, 10 full paces, and cast lots for the choice of position. Robert Wogdon: duelling pistols - The Field Nonetheless, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel to repair his reputation. This is a very nice pair of dueling pistols by a well-known maker of quality flintlock pistols. Lock plates engraved Wogdon & Barton, having push-on half-cock safeties, semi-rain proof pans, and roller frizzen springs (one spring repaired). Standard flintlock pistols can have a noticeable delay between pulling the trigger and actually firing the bullet unless precisely tuned. [13][Note 4], There were various forms of pistol duel. The actions on both pistols function correctly. [5] These gave the person using them an advantage over their opponent by reducing the amount of finger pressure required to fire the pistol, which greatly increased accuracy of the shot. Nonetheless, smoothbore dueling pistols, generally around 28 bore (.54 caliber), were the weapons of choice by the late 18th century. He died on September 14, 1836, a poor and broken man, on the same day that the divorce was finalized. (42.5 g); screwdriver (e): L. 3 15/16 in. Pistols - garthvincent.com Pistols at Dawn | Tennants Auctioneers Like most of the earlier English dueling pistols, this pair has a lighter build. While other well-known English gunmakers such as Joseph Manton manufactured fine dueling pistols, Wogdon specialized in them. The 9 5/8"" octagon 64 caliber swamped smooth bore barrel has a fair bore with pitting. The Met Collection API is where all makers, creators, researchers, and dreamers can now connect to the most up-to-date data and images for more than 470,000 artworks in The Met collection. The overall length of this pair of flintlock dueling pistols is approx. Churchs dueling pistols were originally similar to the Wogdon & Barton pair in our next auction but at some point had brass forends fitted to them. A PAIR OF FLINTLOCK DUELLING PISTOLS - Christie's The Pistols of the Hamilton-Burr Duel - The Truth About Guns Tools for metal. However, for at least twenty years before the BurrHamilton duel, English duelling pistols by all the top makers had been customarily fitted with set triggers. During the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, duelling became a sport in which shooters fired at each other using non-lethal rounds. That may have been one option, but it doesnt appear to have been common. He then fled to Europe where he continued to conspire to steal land in the West. The refinished stock is also very good and has some dings and worn spots in the otherwise distinct checkering, some faint hairline cracks and repairs in the forend, hammering marks on the butt, and general dings and scratches throughout. Look at any Wogdon duelling pistol, be it one from his early production years in the mid-1770s or one made towards the end of his career when in partnership with John Barton in the early 1800s, and they all have that unmistakable Wogdon style. (1726.5 g). The overall length is approx. Pair of Wogdon & Barton Flintlock Dueling Pistols (AH6322) Price: $6,500.00 Item Number: AH6322 Add to Cart Add to wishlist Robert Wogdon and John Barton operated at 14 Haymarket, London, from 1795 to 1803. Gunsmith Robert Wogdon British [7], The most famous and innovative manufacturers were London-based companies such as Wogdon & Barton, Durs Egg, Manton, Mortimer, Nock, and Purdey. (44.5 cm); D. 6 3/4 in. Gunmakers to Bow St. Police, 1801-3. Stoneys dying wish was that Mary would marry him. He went perilously close to putting a ball through the dukes head, grazing one of the royal curls an action which would not have improved his military career prospects. [18] For an eye-witness account of such a duel, see Reynolds (1839).[14]. A Rare Pair Of 40-Bore Flintlock Overcoat Or Travelling PistolsBy Wogdon & Barton Of London, Circa 1800. The stock on gun 2 is fine with no cracks or chips and the dents and dings expected of light to moderate use. Free ground shipping on all US Online Orders over $100! Colonel Burr arrived first. All the shooter has to do to set the trigger is press it forward, something readily found in examination by anyone knowledgeable with dueling pistols, and a feature I would expect the seconds to explain if one or both duelists was inexperienced. Prince William Frederick, Second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1803d. Pistol: wood (walnut), steel, gold, brass, horn; ramrod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; case: wood (mahogany), velvet, brass; powder flask: brass, steel, leather; bullet mold: steel; screwdriver: wood (walnut), brass, steel; cleaning rod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; bottle: glass, Dimensions: 3 lb. Thereafter they quickly took over and after 1785 it was rare for a sword duel to be fought in London. Scroll left to view more. Robert Wogden was one of the preeminent gunsmiths of his era. Her promiscuous behaviour was well known and a series of anonymous, scurrilous articles with barely veiled references to her appeared in Reverend Bates Morning Post. For example, when the Duke of York was challenged by his nephew Charles Lennox when they were serving in the Coldstream Guards, Lennoxs Wogdon pistols from 12 paces at Wimbledon Common was chosen, and they were to fire upon the signal. Tragically, on 21 November 1801, Churchs Wogdon pistols were used in a duel between Hamiltons eldest son, Philip, and George Eaker, a Jefferson supporter who had publicly made insulting remarks about Alexander Hamilton. Stoney was to make Marys life a nightmare, subjecting her and her children to eight years of continuing physical and mental abuse, including threats of rape and murder. The locks are signed "Wogdon/&/Barton" and have frizzen rollers, sliding half-cock safeties, and stepped tails. The name Wogdon or, as it was sometimes recorded, Wogden or Wegden, suggests its origin might have been in some long-forgotten ancient craft or trade, or the name of one of the more than 3,000 lost medieval villages, the names of which have long since disappeared from the map. Deloping was technically against most dueling codes as it implied the matter was not actually serious enough for an exchange of gunfire, but it wasnt uncommon. At first glance, the surviving pistol is not immediately recognisable as the work of Robert Wogdon. [4], All component parts were manufactured, hand-finished and then adjusted with great care and precision, which made duelling pistols much more costly than standard firearms of the period. Derringer Handguns For Sale :: Guns.com Although their purpose was combat or self-defense, holster pistols were used on occasion to fight duels. Where neither principal owned a pistol, then a pair might be produced to be shared. (17.1 cm); Wt. Lennox grazed the Dukes curls, and the Duke held his fire. We offer a wide selection of firearms, including: handguns, shotguns, rifles, ammunition, rifle scopes and optics, as well as collectible machine guns and other NFA/Class 3 guns. The Mantons, Griffin & Tow, H.W. [7] For some in the eighteenth century, duelling with less-accurate, smooth-bore weapons was preferred as they viewed it as allowing the judgement of God to take a role in deciding the outcome of the encounter. As the distance closed they could fire at will. Then Eacker raised his pistol and shot Hamilton above the hip. [2] 14.75"". This dueling flintlock pistol is by Robert Wogdon (1733-1813), a well-known London gunsmith from Lincolnshire who operated at Haymarket, London, from 1774 to 1802. The Most Famous Set of Dueling Pistols - Wogdon & Barton Until the building's demolition in 2019, you could view the most famous set of dueling pistols in history on display at the former JPMorgan Chase Tower, at 270 Park Avenue, NY, New York. Robert Wogdon (1734-1813) is arguably the best known and most respected maker of flintlock dueling pistols. Once one man fired, he was generally expected to stand at that spot and await his opponents shot within the remaining time and before crossing the barrier. The overall length is approx. When his second wife divorced him in 1834, Alexander Hamilton Jr. served as her lawyer. With John Barton, traded Wogdon & Barton from 1795, succeeded by Barton, 1803. Graceful yet practical and perfectly balanced in the hand, they privilege overall formal quality and flawless mechanical work over applied adornments. They resulted in the deaths of two men from an illustrious American family just a few years apart. Cobra Firearms - Omaha Outdoors Original Tools. A Very Fine Cased Pair of 28-Bore Duelling Pistols. ANTIQUE Engraved WOGDON FLINTLOCK Dueling Pistol Pistol Maker of the Only one of the pair of pistols made by Robert Wogdon that were used in this duel has survived, and is on permanent exhibition at the Museum of London; it presumably belonged to Colonel Lennox. More Info. Flintlock Duelling Pistol by Robert Wogdon. SN 8772 To this day, debate still rages as to whether Alexander Hamilton deliberately fired high over Burrs head to demonstrate he had no intention of shooting Burr, or whether his pistol prematurely discharged due to the set trigger before he could properly bring his pistol to bear. Duelling pistols are often single-shot flintlock or percussion black-powder pistols which fire a lead ball. His pistols were so well known that "Stanzas on Duelling Inscribed to Wogdon, the Celebrated Pistol-Maker" from 1782 starts with the lines "Hail Wogdon! Carried to his Manhattan home, Hamilton lingered in agony, the pistol ball lodged next to his spine. Such alterations would have taken place at some time after it left Wogdons shop. 15"". Hamilton was morally and religiously opposed to dueling and is widely believed to have intended to delope (throw away his shot) rather than aim at Burr. After one man had fired, the other could fire within the remaining allotted time. Burr, with his political prospects already fading, demanded an explanation of what Hamilton had said about him, and a series of notes were exchanged. Wogdon & Barton dueling pistols Wogdon & Barton (founded by Robert Wogdon) was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. The poem later references him again and notes, "This death we lay not, Wogdon to thy blame; Cullum must have his fame as well as you. (30.3 cm); Cal. A Rifled Pocket Pistol by Smith. 15". [7] The name Wogden in particular became associated with duelling pistols, to the extent that a duel was sometimes referred to by lawyers as a "Wogden Case". The events that culminated in the duel were the result of several years of simmering political differences and antagonism. [12], Late model English duelling pistols fired by percussion cap, bearing the Royal Warrant on the case, Earlier English flintlock duelling pistols made by Wogdon & Barton, used in the fatal Burr-Hamilton duel of 1804. Burr was never tried for Hamiltons death, but rather than revive his political career, the duel was its death knell. (30.3 cm); Cal. [15], A further type of duel, known as a barrier duel or a duel volont (at pleasure) had the duellists walk towards each other. Geoff Walker trading as The Flintlock Collection - All Rights Reserved Robert Wogdon manufactured the pistols used in the Hamilton-Burr duel, the most famous duel in American history. Starting in 1795 to 1803, he operated with a partner, John Barton, as Wogdon & Barton so this pistol is 1795 or earlier. With John Barton traded as Wogdon & Barton, from 1795, succeeded by Barton, 1803. Both pistols have their original iron-tipped ramrods with an attached worm at the end. Eacker had called the two young men damned rascals.. The sliding-safety locks are marked in script ""Wogdon"" over ""&"" over ""Barton"". This supremely elegant target pistol is among their most accomplished work. Guns International #: 102054289 Seller's Inventory #: AH6306. He was, at his death, described by his long-term friend, surgeon Jesse Foot, who had attended his duelling injuries 33 years earlier, as a villain to the backbone cowardly, insidious, hypocritical, tyrannic, mean, violent, selfish, jealous, revengeful, inhuman and savage without a counterveiling quality. Bentham concluded that Burr was little better than a murderer. New York. Description The barrels are 10 octagonal, sighted, browned twist with bore size of .476 and scratch rifled. This is a very nice pair of dueling pistols by a well-known maker of quality flintlock pistols. In some duels, the pistols were carefully and identically loaded, and each duellist was offered his choice of the indistinguishable loaded pistols. Its long barrel, measuring nearly twelve inches in length, indicates its intended use for targets. There were also varieties of barrier duels in which the duelist started a set number of paces apart with a barrier in the center. 0.5 oz. Contrary to popular belief, duelling pistols were made as a cased pair, not to provide a weapon for each adversary but rather so each adversary could have a second pistol if a second shot was required. He died the following day. (10.5 cm); Wt. Wogdon made the pistols used in the infamous BurrHamilton duel, which were later claimed to have concealed "hair triggers" (also known as set triggers). [16][17] The famous fictional duel between Pierre and Dolokhov in the novel War and Peace was of this kind. With dueling pistols, Hollywood loves to show to adversaries starting back to back and walking off a set number of paces before turning to fire. The best hunting horse. Pistols with rifled barrels spin-stabilize the shot when it is fired, resulting in much improved accuracy. The usual duelling distance of 12 paces was measured out and it was agreed that both parties would fire at the given signal. Whatever the eventual outcome, it was the expected duty of both the parties seconds to record faithfully all details of the duel, from the original insult, the issuing of the challenge to the eventual outcome. He formally called upon the Duke either to give up the name of his false informant or afford him satisfaction. These pistols from the National Maritime Museum are engraved Horatio Nelson 1780. The pistols have smoothbore Damascus barrels with gold vent liners, dovetailed silver blade front sights, "Wogdon & Barton London" signed on top, registration markings for County Down in Ireland, engraved borders at the breech, and casehardened standing breeches with fixed notch rear sights and engraving. Literature: For similar examples see Robert Wogdon, Wogdon & Barton, John Barton by John OSullivan & De Witt Bailey pp 180 185. The hooks or spurs on the trigger guard can be used with your middle finger to help steady the pistol. Robert Wogdon (January 1734 - 28 March 1813) died aged 79 and was buried with his wife Jane (died 15 February 1805, aged 69) in the chancel of St Bartholomew's Church, located on the outskirts of Buntingford, Hertfordshire. Poem, Stanzas on Duelling, by an Irish Volunteer, 1783, began Hail Wogden, Patron of that Leaden death. Impact also services the needs of law enforcement and military with our wide variety of tactical weapons and . They, and the cocks, have raised decorative edges. Colonel Lennox would have faced a real dilemma over this incident. Pair of Four-Barreled Turnover Percussion Pistols of Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (17851851), with Pair of Box-Lock Turn-Off Pocket Pistols, Case, and Accessories, Double-Barrel Breech-Loading Pinfire Shotgun, Breech-Loading Rimfire Cartridge Pistol with Case and Accessories. Robert Wogdon produced flintlock firearms from the 1760s, and was particularly well known for his high quality duelling pistols. John Barton (British, recorded 17951819), Culture: The 10" swamped at the muzzle octagon 67 caliber smooth bore barrels have good bores with light roughness. Robert Wogdon (1734-1813) is arguably the best known and most respected maker of flintlock dueling pistols. It was requested that the Duke say he considered Colonel Lennox a man of honour and courage. By candlelight it was obvious that Stoney had been seriously injured with three stab wounds to the chest. .38 in. RM W570AE - Case with Dueling Pistols A Cased Pair of Pistols, Reputedly Owned by Napoleon Pair of pistols Cassette with couple of pistols and accessories belonging to Napoleon I, Casket in which a couple of pistols together with all supplies. 283, sold to MMA). Robert Wogdon & John Barton Gunmakers, 14 Haymarket, 1795-1803. Burr appears to have had no such qualms and had been practicing his marksmanship. Although sometimes the duellists would use their own pistols so the weapons would be different. Hamilton did not elaborate but indicated his remarks were political, not personal, which would imply that Burrs honor had not been drawn into question. His total production of duelling pistols over the 39 years that he was a gunmaker is unknown. Wogdon retired in 1803 and died in 1813. Travelling pistols, also known as overcoat pistols, were intended for use by travellers to protect themselves from highwaymen and footpads; unlike duelling pistols, they were commonly rifled. In some instances multiple rounds were fired without injury. Lot 1278: Cased pair of Walter Adams percussion dueling pistols. 3 lb. The butt cap and trigger guard are polished bright. The whereabouts of the second Wogdon pistol are unknown. If Hamilton were to admit to Burrs charge, which was substantially true, he would lose his honour. An eagle is engraved on the headband. [19] Participants wore heavy, protective clothing and a metal helmet, similar to a fencing mask but with an eye-screen of thick glass. Gunsmith Wogdon & Barton British A serious pistol shot would practise with his own pair and would be reluctant to provide one of his pistols to his adversary. Mechanically fine. The overall length of this pair of flintlock dueling pistols is approx. The stock on gun 1, which is lighter than gun 2, is vey good with no cracks, a chip around the rear barrel key, a small chip at the rear trigger guard attachment pin on the right, and scattered usage dents and dings. Hamilton received a .54-caliber wound to the abdomen from an English-made Wogdon & Barton flintlock smoothbore dueling pistol. Other Materials. Somewhat reluctantly, Mary agreed and four days later Stoney was carried on a stretcher down the aisle of St Jamess Church, Piccadilly, to marry Mary Elizabeth Bowes, Dowager Countess of Strathmore. Flints. 7 oz. His Royal Highness replied he should say nothing, after which all parties left the ground. The 9 5/8"" octagon 64 caliber swamped smooth bore barrel has a fair bore with pitting. [3] Other features were saw handles, platinum-lined touch-holes and hair triggers. Impact Guns is the gun shop for all your shooting needs. 12.9 oz. Guns International #: 102053710 Seller's Inventory #: AH6322. Price and Eacker exchanged shots multiple times the following day without injury and considered their affair settled. A fine pair of flintlock duelling pistols by the master makers Wogdon and Barton of London, are coming up for auction in the Militaria & Ethnographica Sale at Tennants Auctioneers on 5 th October with an estimate of 14,000 - 18,000 plus buyer's premium. In the late 18th century and early 19th century in Europe as well as America, if a gentleman, or in rare cases a lady, or someone close to them faced an insult, they were expected to demand a proper apology or satisfaction., To refuse or decline a challenge risked their reputation and being posted as a poltroon (an utter coward). The crest and monogram strongly suggest they may have belonged to Wogdons son-in-law, William Butt Jnr. (136.1 g); cleaning rod (c): L. 15 1/2 in. 0.8 oz. 2023 Rock Island Auction Company. To refuse to take part in the duel would have had the same result. Robert Wogdon and John Barton operated at 14 Haymarket, London, from 1795 to 1803. Had Lennox refused to challenge the Duke, his reputation as an officer and a gentleman would have been irrevocably compromised. The barrels were given a blued or browned finish to reduce glare. Wogdon & Barton (founded by Robert Wogdon) was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. The pistols are quite unique with their saw handled butts and spurred trigger guards the design of which would have been specified by the owner. Instead of firing into the sky or the ground, aiming for a near miss would show seriousness and would appear to any witnesses to have been a legitimate attempt but avoid taking a life. The stock on gun 2 is fine with no cracks or chips and the dents and dings expected of light to moderate use. It is now half-stocked with a silver fore-end and a rounded, chequered butt with spurred trigger-guard. From 9mm to 45 ACP, find the best pistol for you. Lennox replied that he could not consider His Royal Highness as any other than the son of his King. This pair is rifled, something forbidden by the 18th century dueling codes but that became more accepted in the 19th century, especially in continental Europe where it became standard. One of the most common varieties was having a set number of paces walked off and the positions marked in advance. To order, please call 01666 502200 or email: subscriptions@bonhams.com, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Luxury stationery: a wonderfully sensuous experience. These consisted of wax bullets in a cartridge without any powder charge; the bullet was propelled only by the explosion of the cartridge's primer. (6.7 cm); W. 17 1/2 in. They, and the cocks, have raised decorative edges. Patron of that Leaden death!" The poem alludes to fate but suggests a duelists destiny lay in Wogdons hand. Each pistol with 10 inch rebrowned sighted octagonal barrel inscribed Wogdon & Barton London on the top flat, gold lined touch hole, foliate engraved tang incorporating the rear sight, flat bevel edged signed lock with stepped tail and sliding safety, set trigger, figured walnut full stock, swelling flat sided butt, engraved iron furniture including trigger guard with pineapple finial, horn tipped ramrod; contained in their original baize lined mahogany case with accessories including a leather bodied flask, flint wallet and cleaning rod, the exterior with recessed brass carrying handle. Rogers Fund, 1937, Accession Number: It has an iron blade front sight and standing notch rear sight (these were often used as target pistols) at the breech tang and a gold lined vert. Swords or dueling pistols were standard, but rifles and other firearms were also used in rarer instances, and, in theory, duels could be fought with any agreed upon weapons under just about any terms, even in hot air balloons with blunderbusses over Paris. Special care was taken when moulding the lead bullets to ensure that there were no voids which would affect accuracy. (14.2 g); case (g): H. 2 5/8 in. Starting in 1795 to 1803, he operated with a partner, John Barton, as Wogdon & Barton so this pistol is 1795 or earlier. Both sets of pistols have single set triggers. The custom fitted case has a later three-compartment powder flasks, balls, and an original section from the ramrod of gun "A." Wood for Gunsmithing and restoration. 1 lb. RIAC believes that this website is accessible to the widest possible audience pursuant to the guidelines of the Americans with Disability Act. They go back centuries to trial by combat, also known as the judicial duel. The pistols used in the Hamilton=Burr duel, which belonged to Hamiltons brother-in-law. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Pistols with calibers of 0.45in (11mm), 0.52in (13mm), 0.58in (15mm) or even 0.65in (17mm) were common.

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