tower of power original members still in band

NEW ORLEANS, UNITED STATES - MAY 1: Francis Rocco Prestia performing with Tower of Power at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival on May 1, 2008. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Thats what he told me.. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [38] The additions of Milo and Grillo were followed by that of new vocalist Tom Bowes and drummer Russ McKinnon in 1989. Mike is influenced by and compared to some of the very best: Stevie Wonder, Lenny Williams, Miles Davis, Bruno Mars and PJ Morton. After the release of Back on the Streets, Garibaldi left for a third time in 1980. October 20, 2021. Two members of Tower of Power who were hit by a train Thursday night are responsive and being treated in an Oakland hospital, a rep for the band told FOX411. Other bands might have folded - never to release another album. When the band got back together in 2006, vocalist/guitarist Billy Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin were the only original members left. 1: The Blind Boys Of Alabama. "[46] The new lineup released Souled Out in 1995. Great bands can last a decade or 2 before they breakup. Any 60's bands still have all their original members still alive, I was wondering this the other day after the death of Ian McDonald, the only one I came up wit . According to Castillo, when Prestia joined the band in 1965, his friends knew him as "Frank Hueton. Smashing Pumpkins broke up in 2000 after an extremely successful career. ~ Greg Prato & Steve Leggett, Rovi. Categories . This Aug. 2016 photo provided by courtesy of Tower of Power/Webster Public Relations, shows the band members from Tower of Power, from left, Rocco Prestia, Roger Smith, Sal Cracchiolo, Adolfo Acosta, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Marcus Scott, Tom E. Politzer, Emilio Castillo, David Garibaldi, and Jerry Cortez. Tower of Power, a horn band from Oakland, Calif., is famously known for having a large and rotating cast of musicians. in 1978, before both Contes and Beck left the band Garibaldi returned again, while Danny Hoefer and Vito Sanfilippo took over on guitar and bass. [39][40] Grove left in 1992, replaced by Paul Perez for the recording of 1993's T.O.P. [47] In early 1997, former Starship guitarist Jeff Tamelier replaced Carmen Grillo. The two men were hit by a train Thursday night as they walked across tracks before a performance in their hometown of Oakland, but both survived. It was a good balance. On January 12, 2017, long-time drummer David Garibaldi and bassist Marc Van Wageningen were hit by a train as they walked across tracks before a performance in Oakland. (Rose Ann Dimalanta), Jermaine Jackson, John Lee Hooker, Helen Reddy, Rufus, Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Mickey Hart, Heart, Damn Yankees, Frankie Valli, Spyro Gyra, KMFDM,[11] Lyle Lovett, Poison, Phish (two songs on their album Hoist [12]), Toto, Pharoahe Monch, Brothers Johnson, and Sam The, among many other acts.[2][3]. The original members were Don Henley (b. July 22, 1947, Gilmer, Texas, U.S.), Glenn Frey (b. November 6, 1948, Detroit, Michigand. He grew up first in Texas and then in Reno, Nev. Along with the similarly inclined Chicago and Blood, Sweat & Tears, Tower of Power helped push the sound of brass-infused music into the rock era. [69][70] By April 2016, Marcus Scott had taken over the role of TOP's lead vocalist, after Greene left to join Santana in February. [48] After the release of Rhythm & Business that year, Danelien was replaced by Don Harris, who toured with the group from June to December 1997. The judge urged him to become an evangelist about the dangers of drugs, and, having committed to Christianity partway into his incarceration, he did. [3], The horn section also recorded with bassist Larry Graham's Graham Central Station, Grateful Dead, Carlos Santana, Journey, Elkie Brooks, Cat Stevens (on his Foreigner Suite), Luis Miguel, Linda Lewis, R.A.D. Roger is in a select group of true Hammond B-3 artists, and his solo work is always superb. This Aug. 2016 photo provided by courtesy of Tower of Power/Webster Public Relations, shows the band members from Tower of Power, from left, Rocco Prestia, Roger Smith, Sal Cracchiolo, Adolfo Acosta, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Marcus Scott, Tom E. Politzer, Emilio Castillo, David Garibaldi, and Jerry Cortez. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari. [35][36] Later that year, Carmen Grillo took over from Zirngiebel on guitar. Cart 0. The doctors were cautiously optimistic. The additions of Milo and Grillo were followed by that of new vocalist Tom Bowes and drummer Russ McKinnon in 1989. Although born in Detroit, Castillo opted to pursue his musical dreams in Oakland, California. [5] Within months the group, then known as The Motowns, began playing various gigs around Oakland and Berkeley, their soul sound appealing to both minority and counterculture listeners. Thus, we asked Tower of Power bandleader Emilio Castillo to name some of his favorite lesser-known tunes from the band's songbook. "I remember talking with him when he was released and I was skeptical about his 'prison salvation'experience. However, these 10 bands rocked on: The order is based on the number of certified albums sold and notoriety of the band with and without the original line-up. tower of power original members still in bandasterisk sip reload not working. "), 1974's Back to Oakland, and 1975's Urban Renewal and In the Slot. Craney remained until the summer of 1986, when he was forced to leave after contracting kidney disease. Emilio Castillo plays second tenor sax, as well as providing background and lead vocals. The new lineup released Souled Out in 1995. Stevenson, Im happy that I dont have to sentence you to San Quentins gas chamber again, but Im going to sentence you to new life. . "He sang on our first two recordings and his rendition of Sparkling in theSandand You're Still A Young Manwere timeless classics that set our career in motion," Castillo wrote. [14] Tubbs and Garibaldi left after In the Slot, replaced by Edward McGee and Ron E. Most band only last a few years before they either fade away or breakup. During 2018, Rocco Prestia was forced to retire permanently from touring with TOP due to ongoing health issues, with former stand-in Marc van Wageningen taking his place again. At the beginning of 1998, Matthews, Scarpulla and Harris were replaced by David Garibaldi (returning for his fourth tenure), Norbert Stachel and Jesse McGuire, respectively. His syncopated style would prove to be a substantial influence on other bass players during the 1970s, most prominently Jaco Pastorious, who incorporated Prestia's approach in his own busy contrapuntal playing. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. The band released Soul Side of Town in 2018 followed by Step Up in 2020, both of which featured recordings by the Greene- and Scott-fronted incarnations of the band. TOP was formed in August 1968, after Emilio Castillo and Stephen Kupka met for the first time the month before. Mr. Stevens joined Tower of Power, a horn-heavy group based in Oakland, Calif., in 1969, but Bump City proved to be his peak with the group: Within a few years he had left it and was in the grip of heroin and other narcotics. First published on September 30, 2020 / 9:51 AM. Whether the song calls for piano, clavinet, strings, a synth sound, whatever, Roger is right there. / CBS San Francisco. It wasn't easy and it still isn't easy! The group played regularly in the Bay Area throughout the late '60s, as their lineup often swelled up to ten members, including such other mainstays as Greg Adams on trumpet and vocals, Lenny Pickett on sax, and Rocco Prestia on bass. [1] There have been a number of lead vocalists, the best-known being Lenny Williams, who fronted the band between early 1973 and late 1974, the period of their greatest commercial success. View original page. Anyone can read what you share. According to their manager, Jeremy Westby, they were both responsive and being treated at a local hospital. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Some of us. (Tower of Power/Webster Public Relations via AP), Film industry reacts to death of 'Saving Private Ryan' star Tom Sizemore: 'You're a legend', Matthew McConaughey and Camila Alves take bumpy second flight after 'CHAOS' on Lufthansa plane: 'Wish me luck', Kelsey Grammer wont apologize for the 'difference' that Jesus has made in his life, Person roaming in 'Scream' Ghostface costume prompts multiple police calls, Kelsea Ballerini kisses Chase Stokes after criticizing ex amid nasty divorce. At the same time, McGee was forced to leave due to vocal problems. Garabaldi posted a tribute to Prestia on his Facebook page: "My brother Francis Rocco Prestia has gone to be with the Lord. Early 1994 saw another string of personnel changes in TOP: vocalist Brent Carter replaced Tom Bowes, drummer Herman Matthews replaced Russ McKinnon, and trumpeters Greg Adams and Lee Thornburg were replaced by Bill Churchville and Barry Danelian. Share on Facebook . Lenny Williams served as lead singer for several years after one of the original singers, Rick Stevens was imprisoned. [61] In 2008, TOP performed a special show to mark the 40th anniversary of its formation, which featured guest appearances by multiple former band members, and was released in 2011. [33] By 1987, Jacob had made way for Frank Biner, while Mestek had been replaced by Steve Monreal. VIEWS. Then there are bands like Quiet Riot, GWAR and Ratt, which slowly whittled down to their final original member - Kevin DuBrow, Dave Brockie and Stephen Pearcy, respectively - before he left or. [49], At the beginning of 1998, Matthews, Scarpulla and Harris were replaced by David Garibaldi (returning for his fourth tenure), Norbert Stachel and Jesse McGuire, respectively. It was in Oakland that Castillo put together a group called the Motowns, which, as their name suggested, specialized in '60s-era soul. in 1978, before both Contes and Beck left the band Garibaldi returned again, while Danny Hoefer and Vito Sanfilippo took over on guitar and bass. Prestia continued to perform on studio recordings, but the band considered van Wageningen their 'official' bassist. Unlike most of the other S.F. [2] They both survived the accident. "" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. [24], Shortly after the release of Direct, long-term lead tenor saxophonist Lenny Pickett was replaced by Marc Russo. the Eagles, American band that cultivated country rock as the reigning style and sensibility of white youth in the United States during the 1970s. After leaving Tower of Power, he spent time in another Bay Area band, Brass Horizon, but his drug use had taken over his life. 1765. Born and raised in Amsterdam, Holland, Marc started playing bass guitar at the age of 16. During 2002 and 2003, Rocco Prestia was forced to step back from touring with TOP after having a liver transplant; he was replaced initially by Marc van Wageningen and later by Bobby Vega. It was in Oakland that Castillo put together a group called the Motowns, which, as their name suggested, specialized in '60s-era soul. I was stagnating." I told him that I really hoped he would take advantage of the tremendous opportunity that God had given him to help people to avoid the pitfalls he had fallen into.". Date: Thursday September 20 th, 2018. [6] Following the release of East Bay Grease, only Adams and Gillette remained on trumpets,[7] while the group had been joined by Brent Byars on additional percussion. on the CD The Best of Soul Train Live.[18][19]. Rufus Miller performed most of the lead vocals on this debut album. [8] This album included the hit single "You're Still a Young Man", which peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Stevens' pinnacle vocal performance before leaving the band. The band's newest vocalist is another Memphian, Marcus Scott. His funky rhythm style and blazing leads are a perfect fit for TOP, and the fans are hitting the message board with many compliments. TOP was formed in August 1968, after Emilio Castillo and Stephen Kupka met for the first time the month before. His mother, Jewell Hunter Derouen, was the sister of the rhythm-and-blues singer Ivory Joe Hunter. By 1970, the funk outfit had inked a recording contract with Bill Graham's San Francisco Records, resulting in the group's debut the same year, East Bay Grease, which failed to make an impression on the charts as Tower of Power were still trying to find their own sound. The group and its rotating cast of musicians have recorded behind many far more famous names including Elton John, Otis Redding, Aerosmith and Santana. examples of gram negative spore forming bacteria. "In an unfortunate accident tonight, two members of the award-winning group Tower Of Power, drummer David Garibaldi and current bassist Marc van Wageningen, were struck by a train in California," the band's rep told us. Guns N Roses Axl Rose - Vocals Tower of Power (TOP) is an American rhythm and blues band from Oakland, California. "[3], 1974's Back to Oakland spawned another hit, "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)", that reached #26 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "Time Will Tell", which charted at #69. 11,201. [2] During the recording of the group's debut album East Bay Grease in 1969, Rick Stevens replaced Miller in time to perform lead vocals on one track. Along with the similarly inclined Chicago and Blood, Sweat & Tears, Tower of Power helped push the sound of brass-infused music into the rock era. Pense suspended her music career in the early 1980s to raise her daughter Danielle, before re-forming the group in 1988. He was a one of a kind person and player, and was a gift. Mic Gillette Of Tower of Power 1951-2016", "Ellis Hall ('The Ambassador Of Soul') New Album 'Let's Make An Arrangement' Out Now", "Tower of Power - What Is Hip: Live at Iowa State University", "Power Tower of Power: Songs, Reviews, Credits", "Tower of Power 1988-08-04 CD Houston Soundboard", "Versatile musician, producer and engineer Carmen Grillo talks about the rawness of the music of past", "Tower Of Power, AWB Blast Back From The Past", "The Oakland Zone Tower of Power: Songs, Reviews, Credits", "Bruce Conte Rejoins Tower Of Power; 2006 Tour Schedule Updated", "Great American Soulbook Tower of Power: Credits", "Mike Bogart Will Be Leaving Tower of Power this Summer", "Interview with trumpet and trombone player Mic Gillette of Tower of Power, a world-renowned musician", "Before European tour, Tower of Power pays soulful visit to Tahoe", "Tower of Power Confirm 45th Anniversary Plans, Larry Braggs to Leave Band", "Ray Greene of Santana and Tower of Power: The Albums That Shaped My Career", "Tower of Power Names Ray Greene as New Lead Singer", "Rocco Prestia, Tower of Power Bassist, Dies at 69", "Tower of Power Announce New Live Record '50 Years of Funk & Soul: Live at the Fox Theater', "Tower of Power has a new lead trumpet and vocalist", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tower_of_Power_members&oldid=1142536584, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Skip Mesquite tenor saxophone, backing vocals, Stephen "Doc" Kupka baritone saxophone, backing vocals, Greg Adams trumpet, flugelhorn, backing vocals, Willie James Fulton guitar, backing vocals, Emilio Castillo tenor saxophone, backing vocals, Mic Gillette trumpet, trombone, backing vocals, David Garibaldi drums, percussion, vocals, Lenny Pickett saxophones, flute, backing vocals, Chester Thompson keyboards, backing vocals, Michael Jeffries lead and backing vocals, Lenny "Doc" Pickett saxophones, flute, backing vocals, Stephen Kupka baritone saxophone, backing vocals, Ellis Hall lead vocals, keyboards, guitar, Lee Thornburg trumpet, trombone, vocals, Emilio Castillo lead vocals, tenor saxophone, Bill Churchville trumpet, trombone, backing vocals, Mike Bogart trumpet, flugelhorn, trombone, Adolfo Acosta trumpet, flugelhorn, vocals, Tom E. Politzer tenor saxophone, flute, vocals, Sal Cracchiolo trumpet, flugelhorn, vocals, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 23:52. [62] The band issued Great American Soulbook in 2009, featuring Conte and Harper. Since his release from prison, Mr. Stevens had recorded the four-song EP Back on the Streets Again Vol. The Powerhouse band performed mostly original material. community surgical supply lawsuit; linda smith daughter of joan kroc photos. Total Meals Sent Learn More. The record was recorded over two nights during. Legendary R&B band Tower of Power have announced a new live record, 50 Years of Funk & Soul: Live at the Fox Theater - Oakland, CA - June 2018. Tower Of Power Members of The Band Paul Munsterman 523 subscribers 84K views 6 years ago From The California State Fair July 13, 2016.Tower Of Power..Members: EMILIO CASTILLO -. Miller was replaced firstly by Rick Stevens and then Lenny Williams (b. Garcia, who owned the Malo name, then moved to New York and formed a new version of the band with a set of New York players. On paper, it seems strange that some groups can keep touring with no original members. tower of power original members still in band. In 2008, TOP performed a special show to mark the 40th anniversary of its formation, which featured guest appearances by multiple former band members, and was released in 2011. by. When Mr. Stevens was a teenager, the family moved to Oakland, where he began singing in bands, among them Rick and the Ravens and Four of a Kind. [25] Waychesko left in 1982. 7. In January 2013 his old band brought him onstage at the Oakland club Yoshis to sing his signature song. Powerhouse was booked solid and well known throughout Southern California. Adolfo Acosta, Bob Coassin, Brandon Fields, Brent Byars, Bruce Conte, Carmen Grillo, Chester Thompson (2), David Bartlett, David Garibaldi, David K. Mathews, Don Wise, Edward McGee, Ellis Hall, Emilio Castillo, Francis Rocco Prestia, Greg Adams, Hubert Tubbs, Jeff Tamelier, Jerry Cortez, Larry Braggs, Lawrence Lopez, Lee Thornburg, Lenny Pickett, Rick Stevens replaced Rufus Miller as lead singer on 1972's Bump City, which gave the band their first national exposure. [2] They fully recovered and returned to the active lineup later that year. Dave's head and face were pretty swollen and bruised but he was lucid and expected to recover. "Don't Change Horses (In the Middle of the Stream)," "Soul Vaccination" and "You're Still a Young Man" helped establish Tower Of Power's reputation as one of the genres best groups. Both brothers were shot dead. We list down 10 bands with no original members left. [45] The following year, John Scarpulla replaced David Mann. In the summer of 2013, vocalist Larry Braggs announced that he would be leaving TOP at the end of the year. In 2013, Tower of Power took a look back with the release of Hipper Than Hip: Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow, which documented a live radio broadcast from 1974. By early 2006, Tamelier had left the band, replaced in the spring for tour dates by Trey Stone. (One of the first tunes the duo penned together was "You're Still a Young Man," which would eventually go on to be one of Tower of Power's signature compositions.) Jan. 18, 2016 Updated: Jan. 18, 2016 1:36 p.m. 128. Without identifying them, the Oakland Fire Department said earlier that two pedestrians were hit by a passenger train at Jack London Square about 7:30 p.m. and taken to a hospital. Hipper Than Hip: Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow, 50 Years of Funk and Soul: Live at the Fox Theater, Album Premiere: Tower of Power, 'Soul Side of Town'. He was paroled in 2012. Most of the original members of this classic gospel group are deceased, but surviving original Jimmy Carter, who gives his age as "a few years past 50," has been . Tom E. Politzer is TOP's lead tenor sax player. Jerry Cortez joined Tower of Power in January of 2010. By 1987, Jacob had made way for Frank Biner, while Mestek had been replaced by Steve Monreal. Marc "VW" became a full-time member of Tower of Power in 2018. The song "So Very Hard To Go" was featured on the soundtracks of the 2002 film City of God,[13] and Will Ferrell's 2008 film Semi-Pro. The accident was near Yoshi's, a jazz and R&B club where the group had been scheduled to play two shows Thursday night. [31] Craney remained until the summer of 1986, when he was forced to leave after contracting kidney disease. But Stevens was convicted of murder for killing three people in 1976 during a drug deal gone wrong. GUITARIST WHO AVOIDED BUDDY HOLLY PLANE CRASH DIES AT 85. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Mr. Stevens was married five times, twice to the same woman, and fathered a number of children; Mr. Maloney said his survivors include two daughters, Dawn Renee Stevenson and Doreen Stevenson; two other sons, Ricky and Derrick, and numerous grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Legal Statement. Rick Stevens, the former lead singer of Tower of Power, died Tuesday after a battle with cancer. As the Rolling Stones tour North America this summer, only three . Tower of Power. Video created from two separate performances to get the best video and audio combination, the sync is. [65] Gillette left again in February 2011,[66] temporarily replaced by the returning Lee Thornburg before Sal Cracchiolo took over that August. Jun 2022 24. Soon the band changed its name to Tower of Power - basically . After the album's recording, Fulton was replaced by Danny Jacob. [12] His place was taken by David Bartlett, before he returned in early 1975. All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [58] By early 2006, Tamelier had left the band, replaced in the spring for tour dates by Trey Stone. While Tower of Power remained a must-see live act, as disco became the new trend in R&B the group's original funk-laden style fell out of favor, and disco-oriented albums like 1978's We Came to Play and 1979's Back on the Streets didn't please critics or fans, and the band would go nine years without releasing an album. Following the release of East Bay Grease, only Adams and Gillette remained on trumpets, while the group had been joined by Brent Byars on additional percussion. During the recording of the group's debut album East Bay Grease in 1969, Rick Stevens replaced Miller in time to perform lead vocals on one track. Mike was a band member from 2000 to 2009 when, with Emilios blessing he returned to active duty military service in the Navy Music Program. Later that year, Carmen Grillo took over from Zirngiebel on guitar. In prison he counseled and mentored other inmates and formed bands as a part of inmate music programs. Despite it all, Tower of Power in particular their horn section remained a much in-demand backing group for some of pop/rock's biggest names, including Elton John, Santana, Bonnie Raitt, Huey Lewis, Little Feat, David Sanborn, Michelle Shocked, Paula Abdul, Aaron Neville, Aerosmith, Public Image Ltd., and many others. Tower of Power. In addition to singing with Love Power, Stevens told the San Jose Mercury News in a 2014 interview that he was "blessed," with a new record,Back on the Streets Again, a movie on his life story in development and a book project. Donald Charles Stevenson was born on Feb. 23, 1940, in Port Arthur, Tex. "I was in 4th grade and we [were given] the opportunity to play an instrument," he recalls. In 1967, Castillo teamed up with baritone sax player Stephen "Doc" Kupka, and soon the Motowns were transformed into Tower of Power. There are two original members still in the band. 0. When they returned to touring in 2021 after a break due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the lineup of TOP featured Greene returning on lead vocals and Harry Kim in place of trumpeter Cracchiolo. (Photo by Clayton Call/Redferns), Rocco Prestia of Tower of Power: Oakland Stroke, posted a tribute to Prestia on his Facebook page, Interview with Tower of Power bass player Rocco Prestia, Public File for KBCW-TV / KBCW 44 Cable 12. andrea martin nick davies; Tower of Powerwas the runaway winner, with more than 50% of the votes. Mr. Stevens was known especially for the Tower of Power song Youre Still a Young Man, on which he sang lead. He started a band called the Motowns, specializing in soul music. We appreciate the responses and prayers from our former bandmates, friends, and fans and we all remain hopeful and in prayer.". [9], Tower of Power, released in the spring of 1973, was the third album for the band. The bandmembers also announced they would be touring in 2013 and 2014 with two other iconic acts from Northern California, Journey and the Steve Miller Band. "Rick was an extremely soulful singer and entertainer who had an engaging personality and a strong faith which he shared with all he came in contact with.". Prestia and drummer David Garibaldi became the band's rhythmic backbone for its hard-driving funk sound. Share. The bandmembers also announced they would be touring in 2013 and 2014 with two other iconic acts from Northern California, Journey and the Steve Miller Band. Formed in August 1968, the group is centred around a horn section which originally featured tenor saxophonists Emilio "Mimi" Castillo and Steven "Skip" Mesquite, baritone saxophonist Stephen "Doc" Kupka, and trumpeters Greg Adams, David Padron, Mic Gillette and Ken Balzell. Into the new millennium, Tower of Power kept up their reputation as a strong live band, maintaining a steady touring schedule, and in 2009 they launched their own TOP Records label with The Great American Soulbook, in which they covered a dozen soul and R&B classics in the trademark Tower of Power style. [59] By June that year, Stone had been replaced by former TOP guitarist Bruce Conte. (Laughs.) ", and "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)". Published by on October 31, 2021. For the band's namesake album, see, (19681974, 19751976, 19791980, 1998present), (2018present; plus touring appearances beforehand), Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Very Best of Tower of Power: The Warner Years, "Two Members of Tower of Power Hospitalized After Being Hit by Train", "The Best of Soul Train Live - Various Artists", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Power&oldid=1119434211, Musical groups from the San Francisco Bay Area, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2015, All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes, Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Don't Change Horses (In the Middle of a Stream)". "My father had hired a teacher named Terry Saunders to teach us one song a week and the first thing Terry said to Frank was, 'You need to play the bass!!!' [60] Within a year he'd been replaced by Charles Spikes, who was replaced in late 2007 by Mark Harper.

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