There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. , The analysis in this chapter excludes defendants where age or sex is unknown unless stated otherwise. This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Comparisons with previous years are not possible due to changes in the order of questions asked influencing overall trends. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. In this section any analysis is conducted where the gender of the offender is known. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or custody. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a smaller proportion of young males (80%) had a record of persistent absence compared to young females (85%). Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. (Office of National Statistics) 1 in 3 children - nearly 4 million in total - live without their father. As at June 2019, the female prison population was 3,800 and has decreased 3% over the last 5 years, compared to 78,900 for the male prison population (decreasing 4% over the same time period). The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. Police station advice and magistrates court representation constitute the majority of the total crime lower work load (97%). Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. , See the Criminal justice statistics outcomes by offence data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 to obtain all statistics on prosecutions, convictions and sentencing quoted in this chapter. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. , Guidance to National Probation Service staff on proposing suspended sentence orders (SSO) changed in 2018, which led to substantial drops in the numbers of SSOs proposed in 2018 and 2019 resulting in volumes too low for a robust comparison. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? Most of this decrease is accounted for by a reduction in the number of females prosecuted for theft offences (10,500 fewer in 2019 than in 2015), particularly theft from shops, for which there were 8,200 fewer prosecutions. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. These single parents are raising as many as 22.4 million children. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. In 2019, offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions comprised 25% of all offenders, 89% of offenders were male, compared to the 11% who were female. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. , In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. , Figures from this paragraph are sourced from the data underpinning the Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020 bulletin. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. Although we explore differences between sexes, it is important that inferences are not made about individuals from group-level data since we consider averaged outcomes that do not take into consideration the unique sub-set of circumstances in each case. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. This is a slight rise in median offence to completion from 2015 for females of 2% (150 days) and a larger rise of 9% for males (149 days). Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). , Caution should be taken when comparing figures for senior staff, however, because the numbers of individuals represented are small - changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. , Domestic abuse is made up of partner or family non-physical abuse, threats, force, sexual assault or stalking. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. These reports may include a full risk assessment of the offender. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. , Individuals self-harming rates are derived by 1,000 x (number of individual in year)/(average monthly population for year). Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Estimates for the year 2019 to March 2020 were therefore unaffected by the lockdown restrictions. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. My wife has confessed that when she first learned I was a single dad she automatically presumed that mum had died! Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. , PSRs provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. Fraud by failing to disclose information females made up 50% of 281 convictions in 2019, down 1 pp since 2015. Secure Childrens Homes and Secure Training Centres are for males (those who are younger or have more complex needs) and females aged 10-17. , For both indictable and summary offences. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44].
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