which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

This dream is interpreted to reflect the patients emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. c. psychodynamic-gestalt. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. The brain. b. anxiety disorders. The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives. For operant conditioning, this means that if I make a behavior, then a specific consequence will follow. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Figure 2.9. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. Preconditioning. 65. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: a. clone a mammal. Receptor cells in each of the five sensory systems detect energy. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. 93. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. a. a. tertiary b. mutual-help c. cognitive-behavioral d. integrative behavioral. b. delusional thinking. 24. 110. I'm going to mess up and then it won't be a perfect run!" Figure 2.8. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. 59. A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a. unknown causes. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: c. humanistic-existential Dealing with anxiety. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. Recent research has discovered that autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia all share genetic roots. This single factor explanation is called a uni-dimensional model. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. Often, proponents of a given model find themselves in disagreement with proponents of other models. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. b. self-actualizing. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. You are doing your best. c. relational psychoanalytic therapy. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. d. the adverse effects of drugs will result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: a. authentic. d. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). That is why a person inherits a susceptibility to a mental illness and doesnt necessarily develop the illness. a. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. a. short-term psychodynamic therapy b. psychoanalysis c. traditional psychodynamic therapy d. relational psychoanalytic therapy. 29. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. We must try to convert what we see into action. D) Its symptoms, such as irrational beliefs, are a severe form of illogical thinking. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? a. When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. The procedure is still the most controversial available to mental health professionals due to its effectiveness vs. the side effects, the objectivity of ECT experts, and the recent increase in ECT as a quick and easy solution, instead of long-term psychotherapy or hospitalization (https://www.mhanational.org/ect). The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. d. psychotropic treatment. Neurotransmitter imbalances and problems with brain structures/areas can result in mental disorders. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. So, it is better to subscribe to a multi-dimensional model that integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. 88. This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. This response does not need to be learned and shows the relationship between an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) yielding an unconditioned response (UCR). A girl values her self-worth even when she fails at something. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. c. insert RNA into genes. This model has been adopted by psychiatrists rather than psychologists. How so? The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. The main difference between these two systems is the speed with which they act. d. disengagement. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is our heredity material. b. focusing on the here and now. This is an example of: Members of a family operate very independently of one another. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. d. hormone therapy. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? Outside of biological and psychological factors on mental illness, race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. 2.3.2.5. Consider your parents for a minute. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. The second part of personality emerges after birth with early formative experiences and is called the ego. Their self-concept becomes distorted, now seen as having worth only when these significant others approve, leading to a disharmonious state and psychopathology. It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. For communication, decide if the problem is related to speaking, listening, or both and then develop a plan for use in various interpersonal situations. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology by Washington State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. A) illogical thinking patterns. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. d. synapses. Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com In terms of distinctive structures, these focus on the ability of a neuron to send and receive information. Finally, respondent conditioning has several properties: 2.3.2.3. Researchers are only now beginning to tease apart the various biological and psychosocial factors that may impact the mental health of both women and men., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml. This information is passed to the nervous system due to the process of transduction and through sensory or afferent neurons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system. b. denial. They may be positive and include friendly, affectionate feelings, or negative, and include hostile and angry feelings. Also, many treatment techniques have been developed and proven to be effective over the years. All of the models include an element of the biological model. b. sociocultural c. consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. a. Existential therapy is very new, and there hasnt yet been enough time to conduct thorough research. Behaviorism has also been accused of being mechanistic and seeing people as machines. a. existential d. A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class. His name is According to Freud, our personality has three parts the id, superego, and ego, and from these our behavior arises. a. equifinality b. eclectic integration c. multifinality d. timing. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. 42. A perfect run will not be possible because "I'm going to screw up!" 130. As such, we will need to establish a foundation for how communication in the nervous system occurs, what the parts of the nervous system are, what a neuron is and its structure, how neural transmission occurs, and what the parts of the brain are. a. psychodynamic d. genes. b. early childhood trauma. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . The autonomic nervous system regulates the functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs such as the bladder, stomach, and heart. c. increased participation in very high-risk activities. Other examples of secondary reinforcers include praise, a smile, getting money for working or earning good grades, stickers on a board, points, getting to go out dancing, and getting out of an exam if you are doing well in a class. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. b. existential 53. d. the ways in which women express their femininity. Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. A person with a controlling mother is getting help. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. They can be identified, treated, and monitored by observing and identifying physiological signs. Please note that a person may become fixated at any stage, meaning they become stuck, thereby affecting later development and possibly leading to abnormal functioning, or psychopathology. A family systems theorist might suggest that Robin comes from a(n) _____ family. During CBT a therapist will actively work with a person to uncover unhealthy patterns of thought and how they may be causing self-destructive behaviors and beliefs. CBT attempts to identify negative or false beliefs and restructure them. 20. Banduras Classic Experiment. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. 2.2.1.4. By seeing the model interact nicely with the fear evoking stimulus, their fear should subside. 2 Models of Abnormality There are six models in Abnormal Psychology which aim to describe and explain psychological abnormalities and how the treatment works for each. Clarify how socioeconomic factors affect mental illness. How does the existential perspective approach psychopathology? They would salivate at the sound of a bell, footsteps in the hall, a tuning fork, or the presence of a lab assistant. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. This strategy teaches social skills, communication, assertiveness through direct instruction, role playing, and modeling. b. self theory. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. I bet the bad behavior ended too. Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. There is not a leader, and everyone is equal. d. acceptance and commitment, 97. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. How so? Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 A primary focus of the community mental health treatment approach to abnormality is: Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. We started at resting potential in Step 1 and end at resting potential in Step 6. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. Women are more likely to develop PTSD compared to men. c. limitations of a focus on ethnicity. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. Some are naturally occurring, while others need to be learned. Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. Second, the response is made, and a reinforcer is delivered. d. lend itself easily to research. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: a. social labels and roles. If your parents resort to alcohol consumption to deal with stressors life presents, then you also might do the same. The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of. d. cognitive-behavioral. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. Social desirability states that sometimes participants do not tell us the truth about what they are thinking, feeling, or doing (or have done) because they do not want us to think less of them or to judge them harshly if they are outside the social norm.