product, for each intended use, must be determined by the purchaser Moderator: Bill Robinson Durable and leak-free details for siding and trim, doors and windows, roofs, decks and exterior finishes. It may be the third line of defense at the opening itself, but it's the only line of defense against water that may be leaking down the sheathing. It is also ideally suited for flashing non-roofing horizontal conditions such as pot shelves, parapets, sill pans and recessed windows. So we came back two days later, and FortiFlash is already peeling off. Or use the SEARCH BOX found below to Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia.
1.000er Pack Securebnder Tyvek 19mm und 25mm verschiedene Farben A Polyurethane Based Caulking: Polyurethane based caulking is good for sealing up areas on the lath portion of the stucco process. On 2017-01-22 by (mod) - don't apply flashing membranes in cold or wet weather. Specifications . FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK at InspectApedia.com - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice. "The chemical compatibility of sealants and weatherization products is important to ensure the effective long-term performance and durability of a wall . 1 day to Redgard the shower and wait for it to dry completely. formulated for that use. Rob shows us the last step in the process for prepping a window before sidingEDIT: We've had a couple questions regarding the forti-flash being applied over . It is the premium self-adhesive waterproof flashing membrane for windows. FortiFlash is not compatible with EPDM or exible (plasticized) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) based membranes. the building, even if the adhesive bond fails.
is fortiflash compatible with tyvek - reflectionsgallery.ae Thickener provide long-lasting waterproof protection if installed correctly. He said there are no compatibility issues whatsoever. stick membranes greatly simplify the task of creating Flashings labor-saving hybrid barrier. yeah, what DavidM said- is that really what happened? Consult with sealant manufacturer for compatibility information. Fortifiber FortiFlash Flashing Membrane Grace Bituthene 3000 Waterproofing Membrane Grace Bituthene 4000 Waterproofing Membrane . A detail membrane for bonding together materials of a building envelope includes a reinforced inner core having first and second sides, a tacky, bitumen-based adhesive on the first and second sides of the reinforced inner core, rubber polymers and/or styrene-rubber block copolymers and/or other elastic materials added to the bitumen-based adhesive, wherein the detail membrane either bonds an . Moderator: Bill Robinson Durable and leak-free details for siding and trim, doors and windows, roofs, decks and exterior finishes. Please see complete details at WINDOW & DOOR FLASHING TAPE DETAILS - separate article, Fortifiber Building Systems GroupFernley, NV1-800-773-4777 for sales and technical assistance.Website: www.fortifiber.com, On 2020-02-04 by (mod) - reliability & limitations of using peel-and-stick membranes as window & door pan flashing.
products may be left exposed to the weather permanently, Fortifiber FortiFlash Flashing Membrane Grace Bituthene Low Temperature Waterproofing Membrane Grace Bituthene 3000 Waterproofing Membrane . This is the paper that wraps the house. ledgers, inside and outside corners, and any areas subject This process is automatic.
PDF Flashings & Self-Adhered Air & Vapor Barriers2 - Pecora The rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used in window flanges, however, is generally not a problem. That's where using a pre-fab metal or PVC pan flashing can help us as those are often fabricated with the necessary slope. If using caulk behind window flanges causes concern about compatibility, then use staple-up non-stick flashing tape (except in horizontal applications like sill pans). In fact whenever I see Tyvek I laugh. We are building a new home in Zone 4, and using exterior insulation under our siding. Something has gone wrong with the installation. It can also be used for flashing non-roofing horizontal conditions such as pot shelves, parapets, sill pans and recessed windows. caulking, silicone sealants, polysulfides, fillers In general, sealants are used for both weather / air tightness sealing and in structural joints, which can also be part of the air and moisture control layers. Rubberized-asphalt, PVC, and EPDM flashing tapes, Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss. Edited 11/20/2008 4:55 pm by dovetail97128. Areas like windows, doors, where lath meets wood, etc. This easy-to-use self-adhered tape helps protect heads and jambs of rectangular windows and doors from intrusion by outdoor air, bulk water and wind-driven rain. Is this something I need to press to be redone? FortiFlash is expressly warranted for a period of ten (10) years from purchase that it will perform to Fortifibers published specifications when installed according to Fortifibers installation procedures and accepted industry standards. ;),
That's curious since Moistop is a polyurethane according to their own website.With this info it appears that NP-1 or Sikka could be used:Moistop Sealant; polyurethane, one-component balanced modulus, moisture curing, non-sag elastomeric sealant.IF THIS PRODUCT IS USED IN DIRECT window flanges, however, is generally not a problem. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. How we prep window openings with Fortiflash 14,434 views Jun 5, 2018 81 Dislike Share Kashas Design Build Inc 804 subscribers Properly prepping a window opening is worth the extra effort.. Typically ranging in width from 4 to 12 inches, these peel and- CONTAINING SILICONE SEALANTS. Trying to do everything the right way and learning a lot along the way. If it was me, I would explore all the other possibilities first, and fess up to the sealant last. 2022 BuildingAdvisor.com;All rights reserved. I think most guys don't know about the warranty stipulation. Polyurethane provides a better seal and is more watertight. I always feel like I'm being scammed when I shell out $6 for a tube of caulk just to satisfy their fine print but so far I haven't had the cojones not to. Scofield Building Addition Helper UT Stake Scofield, Utah Project #503-6925-11010101 08.29.2011 Utah American Fork Project Management Office 110 East Main Street P.O. thanks again for details. The membrane brings together the weather protection benefits of a self-adhered membrane, with the breathability of traditional housewraps. Tyvek and R-Wrap lost about 10% of the soapy water column in 2 hours. FortiFlash and Moistop E#-Z Seal are not compatible with some sealants. FortiFlashis engineered to deliver lasting protection against water intrusion in the most demanding environmental conditions. Fortiflash 6 ft x 75 ft Housewrap 25 Mil Our Margaritaville flavored coffee variety Our Margaritaville flavored coffee variety pack includes all 4 popular flavors: Sunrise In Paradise: A balanced and incredibly smooth, light roast. Oriented-strand board (OSB), concrete, and Oozing of asphalt tapes is not necessarily a compatibility issue but a temperature issue. At any rate, this was last spring and perhaps the problems with their sealant have been solved. Do not expect a good bond to dirty [Click to enlarge any image] This photo of flashing tape installed below a window and over the window's bottom flange or fin does not show the very best installation practice. The 9" and 12" sizes have a split release feature providing the capability to remove each portion of the release sheet separately. The complete source for building, designing, and remodeling green homes. Whenever I see tarpaper installed like Tyvek I just laugh. Composition: 20 mil butyl coated to a synthetic black facer with a tear resistant release liner ; Application Temperature: 30 F to 120 F ; Stands up to weather and temperature extremes. thanks for weighing in. abutting a roof, for example, where splashback or snow and membranes, Illbruck Sealant Systems Butyl sticks to common building materials, but you'll want to use a primer for the harder substrates like OSB or plywood in order to ensure it stays adhered. Get it Dec 20 - 23. Even though real life moves quickly, the pace of social media is even quicker. for high temperatures and labeled hi-temp, most The unique adhesive coating bonds . these applications, rubberized-asphalt is a much better DuPont, for example, has issued a technical bulletin on the compatibility of sealants with Tyvek Weatherization System products, including housewraps and fluid-applied membranes and flashings. roofing cement or bituminous flashing membranes. 60 Minute, two-ply building paper is a weather-resistent barrier designed to provide excellent secondary protection behind exterior cladding to prevent moisture penetration and condensation in exterior wall assemblies. Features High performance self-adhesive waterproof flashing membrane Chemically compatible with most standard sealants, as well as EPDM and flexible vinyl Vycor Pro 6 in. Unless formulated It is the premium self-adhesive waterproof flashing membrane for windows. Here's what I was told. The foil faced South African Coating info about waterproof flashing tape home depot Coating Solutions - 2022 Up-to-date Coating information only on Coating.co.za So if you want to build, for example, a Redgard shower the cure times start to add up: 1 day to build a mud shower pan. Flexible, watertight seal for gutters, drainspouts, lap joints, flashings, roof vents, aluminum siding, and other metal joints. As I said O.B., It may be the third line for water intrusion at the opening, but it's the first(or a close second) line for water behind the wrap/paper. I will usually get these at my local stucco supplier. Ok, it melted a while ago. FortiFlash is expressly warranted for a period of ten (10) years from purchase that it will perform to Fortifiber's published specifications when installed according to Fortifiber's installation procedures and accepted industry standards. By helping to better seal the building envelope, DuPont Flashing Tape can help reduce the risk of water damage, increase building comfort and improve energy efficiency. A unique butyl-based flashing Eighty percent or more of C-suite executives believe that social media should be a component of their companys overall marketing strategy. gtag('event', 'conversion',{ What Caulking Should I Use For Stucco? Cracks, Lath, Etc. This is a complex question and will depend on the manufacturer's installation instructions, existing building envelope waterproofing, building exposure, consultant or architects design, etc. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Consult with sealant manufacturer for compatibility information. Normal roofing felt under shingles is absolutely not a water barrier since it is punctured by the roofing nails. . Should I Repair or Replace an Older Tile Roof. Hell, San Francisco was toasty this summer. FortiFlash and Moistop E#-Z Seal are not compatible with some sealants. Continue readingat WINDOW & DOOR FLASHING TAPE DETAILS or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX. And even if you look at it as the "third line", are you saying you don't flash your window openings? Rubberized-asphalt flashings should not Some use a more expensive if the flashing tape was applied to housewrap, we'd cut the housewrap above and alongside the flashing tape, then pull it away; we install new housewrap as needed up under the lower edge housewrap just above the cut-areaIf the flashing tape was applied directly to wood or other hard surfaces you might find it slightly easier to remove by heating it a bit with a hair dryer. Check out cargin's posts #36-39 in the "rotten marvin window" thread for a good example of water intrusion behind the wrap/paper. The unique adhesive coating bonds . not based only onwhat I posted, I hope. is fortiflash compatible with tyvek - infantbabynewborn.com Tyvek may resemble paper, but its performance is anything but paper-like. Rob shows us the last step in the process for prepping a window before sidingEDIT: We've had a couple questions regarding the forti-flash being applied over . Please bookmark this page to make it easy for you to check back for our response. Excellent info. Anon: removing self-adhesive flashing tape can give you a devil of a time if it's well-adhered to a surface. When used as part of the Henry 1-2-3 Moisture Control System, FortiFlash is backed by an industry-leading 15-year warranty. sheathing as well. Dupont Tyvek Tape Henry 925 BES Sealant3 Hyload Structural Roofing Sealant4 Prosoco R-Guard Joint & Seam Filler (FR7200) Protecto Wrap Detail Tapes The sealant products listed in the table below were determined to have acceptable chemical compatibility1 with DuPont Tyvek Fluid Applied Products: 1 Testing was conducted by DuPont on products available in the market at the time, between 2004-2014, for DuPont Tyvek Commercial Building Wraps and DuPont Self-Adhered Flashing Products. Fortifiber 40ml (Fortiflash) is asphalt based. oh.. hfh? Portland gets pretty toasty in the summer, I hear. US20170259543A1 US15/608,484 US201715608484A US2017259543A1 US 20170259543 A1 US20170259543 A1 US 20170259543A1 US 201715608484 A US201715608484 A US 201715608484A US 2017259543 A1 US2017259543 A1 US 2017259543A1 Authority US United States Prior art keywords detail membrane roofing membrane detail building envelope Prior art date 2009-08-06 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and . For that reason, it If I recall the Gray tape is good till 80-90 MPH. can also be bent to create a pan flashing at window sills Read more. What this video doesn't show is that we applied another layer of Tyvek over the top of the forti-flash over the window. Get home building tips, offers, and expert advice in your inbox. Fortifiber Fortiflash 6 in x 75 ft Housewrap 25 Mil 05020 - The Home Depot It is an excellent addition to Fortifiber's complete moisture control system of weather-resistive barriers, self-adhesive and mechanically-attached flashings, sealant and . I hope this answer is what you were looking for. Tyvek and R-Wrap lost about 10% of the soapy water column in 2 hours. two questions: two: what is the solvent in that Vulkem list? Thank you so much for your help! The reason we did it a little differently is because we wrapped the addition to dry it in so we could get our rough electrical inspection, but didn't have the windows until later. maybe it's time to do an experiment for the betterment of breaktime. Our contractor flashed our windows with Henrys FortiFlash. A detail membrane for bonding together materials of a building envelope includes a reinforced inner core having first and second sides, a tacky, bitumen-based adhesive on the first and second sides of the reinforced inner core, rubber polymers and/or styrene-rubber block copolymers and/or other elastic materials added to the bitumen-based adhesive, wherein the detail membrane either bonds an . butyl rubber core, which stays more flexible in While Pay attention to the ends of the cap flashing and make sure they extend slightly past the window molding. 414. modified bitumen will begin to soften between 185F and Any compatiblity issue with other sealants used around doors and windows? El Segundo, CA 90245 Roll Fully-Adhered Butyl Flashing Tape (37 sq. Also, I insisted on a rain screen and the house wrap should let water escape so it should get stuck inside. 1 day for a second coat and dry time. Interesting. FortiFlash also is not compatible with some sealants. Fortiflash and Tyvek tape applied after window installation - YouTube 0:00 / 5:56 Fortiflash and Tyvek tape applied after window installation 33,304 views Jul 10, 2018 Rob shows us the last. Dupont Tyvek Tape Henry 925 BES Sealant Hohmann & Barnard X-SEAL Tape 4 Prosoco R-Guard Joint & Seam Filler (FR7200) Protecto Wrap Detail Tapes Case of 12 Aluminum Butyl Gutter Sealant by DAP 18188. Composition: 20 mil butyl coated to a synthetic black facer with a tear resistant release liner ; Application Temperature: 30 F to 120 F ; It's compatible because the Moistop Sealant caulking is compatible with all Fortifiber flashing products. Combining Foam & Fiber Insulation in Cathedral Ceiling (Flash & Batt). You can only benefit from social medias opportunities, though, if you take the content you post there seriously. Not the best product for flashing tape origami or anything more complicated than a simple rough opening sill pan. is fortiflash compatible with tyvek. The sealant products listed in the table below were determined to have acceptable chemical compatibility1 with DuPont Tyvek Fluid Applied Products: 1 Testing was conducted by DuPont on products available in the market at the time, between 2004-2014, for DuPont Tyvek Commercial Building Wraps and DuPont Self-Adhered Flashing Products. He also intends to flash the windows with Zip flashing tape after Tyvek is installed. 1-3 days to flood test the shower pan. You got to get the Red Tape the Stucco guys use if your going for that 200MPH range. FortiFlash is not compatible with some sealants. I have seen grace ice and water shield ooze stuff out under a black slate roof. without any cutting and folding at the corners. MOISTOP SEALANT IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH OXIME fine as long as they are free of oil and dust. The siding has been up for about 7 months. is fortiflash compatible with tyvekfamily dollar drink dispenser. is unlikely to cause problems. Found another link about FortFlash not adhering. Hence, we had to use window bucks. product is a better choice in cold weather. The polyurethane also bonds very well to most . Ethyl benzene I haven't had any problems with their sealant over the last year, but p.s. Case of 12 Butyl-Flex Gutter And Flashing Sealant Butyl rubber formula provides a durable. Blog Home Uncategorized is fortiflash compatible with tyvek. Elemax 5000 liquid flashing securely bonds to virtually all substrates and all Elemax companion products. perhaps it does have to do with a chemical reaction with tthe tarish sticky stuff.______________________________________________. Stands up to weather and temperature extremes. These products offer several distinct advantages I tried rolling it myself with J-roller and it sticks initially but then slowly separates. Fortifiber 12 in. x 75 ft. 20 mil Fortiflash Butyl - White Cap Dupont www.construction.tyvek.com StraightFlash and moldable FlexWrap Butyl flashing tapes; Dupont Flashing Systems Manual . Vycor Pro 6 in. I brought Moistop flashing and non-Moistop sealant up as a question in an incompatible materials thread recently- I always feel like a sucker when I buy their proprietary sealant. into contact with any caulks or sealants unless specifically Rubberized-asphalt flashings should also not come Consult with sealant manufacturer for compatibility information. Where installed horizontally or with a slope of less than 60 do not use fasteners. is fortiflash compatible with tyvek. Most everywhere I've read about window flashing tape, it states to never apply it to the bottom of the window on the outside so water can exit to the house wrap instead of under the house wrap. However, he did say that you need to use a moist stop sealant around your flashing. FortiFlash is not compatible with some sealants. Become a GBA Prime member and get full access to GBA articles, enyclopedia, videos, CAD library, and more. This adhesive is much more compatible with other caulks and sealants, and does well in high temperatures plus sticks at lower temps better than asphalt. is fortiflash compatible with tyvek . Third line of defence: flashing paper or Fortiflash installed directly on the sheathing before the window is installed. is not the best practice.To have space for illustrations and source citations I've included your question and a very detailed reply at WINDOW & DOOR FLASHING TAPE DETAILS There you'll see that flashing tape IS used below windows but best practice installs it under not over the window flange. The product's chemical compatibility with most standard sealants - as well as EPDM and flexible vinyl, makes it the ideal choice on . Consult with sealant manufacturer for compatibility information. You'd think if it was a big deal, someone would have a horror story. I agree that durable pan flashing is a concern and that peel-and-stick membranes may not be up to the job; I prefer using a fabricated metal pan flashing and rely on the membranes only as an underlayment around the opening. www.polyguardproducts.com Tyvek sustainability A unique nonwoven material Lightweight and durable, Tyvek is breathable, yet resistant to water, abrasion, bacterial penetration and aging, making it ideal for a wide variety of applications across diverse industries. Dupont Tyvek Tape Henry 925 BES Sealant3 Hyload Structural Roofing Sealant4 Prosoco R-Guard Joint & Seam Filler (FR7200) Protecto Wrap Detail Tapes The strong adhesion makes it effective in sealing around common through-wall penetrations . The process was so foolproof that it became the most downloaded software of all time in 2019. Depending on design, I may be forced to use house wrap after installing the windows. www.protectowrap.com The suitability of this the reason i'm asking about the solvents is that someone once told me the solvents were the issue, not the body of the sealant. I still use tarpaper and have never had a callback for leakage. up to 36 inches wide can protect wall assemblies. 1.000er Pack Securebnder Tyvek 19mm und 25mm verschiedene Farben whlbar Gold, 19mm. http://stickwithpl.com/pdf/PL%20WindowDoorSiding.pdfI can see the difference between moistop and vulkem, but I wonder where the incompatibility, if any, is exactly. You will be redirected once the validation is complete. Peel and stick flashing tape or membrane: This article describes the selection and installation of peel-and-stick flashing membranes used on building exteriors to seal housewrap joints and to seal against air or water leaks around windows, doors, or other openings. The rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used in $120.00. is fortifibers fortiflash compatible with duponts tyvek Answered in 14 hours by: Jason, Electrician 5,442 Satisfied Customers I do all of the remodeling projects on my own home. Note: appearance of your Comment below may be delayed: if your comment contains an image, photograph, web link, or text that looks to the software as if it might be a web link, your posting will appear after it has been approved by a moderator. Fortifiber FortiFlash Flashing Membrane Grace Bituthene Low Temperature Waterproofing Membrane Grace Bituthene 3000 Waterproofing Membrane . OK, to recap, you are saying that the Vulkem melted the face of the Fortiflash and then liquified the backing, causing the drips? Everything You Need To Know About Social Media Algorithm, Instagram Reels vs TikTok: Which Is Better For Your Brand, 6 Ways To Improve Your Social Media Traffic, Best ways to make interesting videos for Instagram, Advice on making a reasonable financial commitment to social media. My second question is chemical compatibility - are acrylic tapes ok to use with asphalt based FortiFlash? Watch out: FortiFlash, for example, is not compatible with EPDM [rubber roofing] or flexible (plasticized) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) based products. Fortifiber 40ml (Fortiflash) is asphalt based. Working as a part of a complete silicone system to resist degradation and exposure to the elements, Elemax 5000 liquid flashing delivers decades of proven protection. One thought was prolonged exposure to UV rays before being covered up. Take a deep breath, relax and awaken your day; Calypso Coconut: A wonderful sweet, coconut flavored coffee with hints of rich chocolate flavors; Latitude Attitude . Anything that sticks now will fail in the future. Try the search box just below, or if you prefer, post a question or comment in the Comments box below and we will respond promptly. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: Juni 10, 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: . its moisture-resistive properties. Felt seemed unaffected by soap, still loosing 30% of its water. Xylenes Tackifier Fortifiber 9 in. x 75 ft. FortiFlash - The Home Depot Use FastFlash independently or with compatible R-Guard products to prevent the unwanted . Roof line issues, nail holes in the tar paper, etc. This is a dialog window which overlays the main content of the page. decks, and other problem areas. read more, One may argue that TikToks business model is identical to Instagrams IGTV feature and that the two are essentially interchangeable. I've had good results with them myself, and personally, I think the extra protection against damage (and resulting ecological hits on new sheathing, framing, wood windows, more caulking and paint, gas to drive out to the callback etc.) How to buy & use flashing tape or peel and stick housewrap tape to prevent water leakage through building exteriors, cause, cure, prevention. www.sandellmfg.com Flashing Membranes: Choosing and Installing - Building Advisor Flexible, watertight seal for gutters, drainspouts, lap joints, flashings, roof vents, aluminum siding, and other metal joints. Aromatic Polyisocyanate Resin With the POS that I drive were still Old School, bailing wire & chewing Gum. Size & Weight: FortiFlash Butyl is supplied in 4", 6", 9" and 12" widths by 75' long rolls. read more, According to research commissioned by CMO, advertising budgets dedicated to social media will increase by a factor of two in the next years. In South African Coating info about dupont straight flash Coating Solutions - 2022 Up-to-date Coating information only on Coating.co.za The butyl will absorb the oils in asphalt and lose its adhesion. Henry Residential and Light Commercial Brochure, Henry 1-2-3 Moisture Control System Warranty Brochure, MAWRB-6A-L1 Flanged Window Section Method A - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6A-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6A1-L1 Flanged Window Section Method A1 - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6A1-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A1 - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6B-L1 Flanged Window Section Method B - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6B-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6B1-L1 Flanged Window Section Method B1 - Low wind and water exposure, MAWRB-6B1-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B1 - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6A-L1 Flanged Window Section Method A - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6A-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6A1-L1 Flanged Window Section Method A1 - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6A1-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A1 - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6B-L1 Flanged Window Section Method B - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6B-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6B1-L1 Flanged Window Section Method B1 - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6B1-L2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B1 - Low wind and water exposure, VPWRB-6A - P1 Flanged Window Section Method A - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6A - P2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6A1 - P1 Flanged Window Section Method A1 - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6A1- P2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method A1 - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6B- P1 Flanged Window Section Method B - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6B- P2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6B1 - P1 Flanged Window Section Method B1 - Pan flashing at sill, VPWRB-6B1- P2 Flanged Window Sequence Installation Method B - Pan flashing at sill, Method A Window Install with WeatherSmart Housewrap, Fortifiber Weatherization with Ty Pennington, Window Installation with Extra Protection at Corners.