From 1850, when Germans constituted one-sixth of Chicago's population, until the turn of the 20th century, people of German descent constituted the largest ethnic group in the city, followed by Irish, Poles, and Swedes. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city completed a major engineering feat. Students at the University of Chicago identify with various faith practices or do not actively identify with any faith practices at all. Computer and Internet Use. [291] However, Chicago, like other major U.S. cities, experienced a significant reduction in violent crime rates through the 1990s, falling to 448 homicides in 2004, its lowest total since 1965 and only 15.65 murders per 100,000. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. The organization established chapters in Gary, Indiana, in 1913, and Butte, Montana, in 1916, and is the oldest existing Muslim organization in the United States. [314] According to data compiled in 2014, Chicago's "choice system", where students who test or apply and may attend one of a number of public high schools (there are about 130), sorts students of different achievement levels into different schools (high performing, middle performing, and low performing schools). All other percentages (such as state-level data or data on specific demographic groups) are rounded to the nearest integer (e.g., 23%). The organization, formed in 1924, was called the Society for Human Rights. [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). [227] It features 42 navy blue gondolas that can hold up to eight adults and two children. Religious composition of adults in the Chicago metro area Christian 71% Evangelical Protestant 16% Mainline Protestant 11% Historically Black Protestant 8% Catholic 34% Mormon < 1% Orthodox Christian 1% Jehovah's Witness 1% Other Christian 1% Non-Christian Faiths 7% Jewish 3% Muslim 2% Buddhist 1% Hindu 1% Other World Religions 1% Other Faiths 1% [279] During much of that time, the city administration found opposition mainly from a liberal "independent" faction of the Democratic Party. The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. [125], Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and was home to the Prairie School, two movements in architecture. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert deLaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. [citation needed] Highly regarded universities in Chicago and the surrounding area are: the University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Illinois Institute of Technology; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Columbia College Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago is the center of the Palestinian and Jordanian immigrant communities in the United States,[28][29] and additionally has a large Assyrian population. [160], The city has seen a rise in population for the 2000 census and after a decrease in 2010, it rose again for the 2020 census. [citation needed], The wealth of greenspace afforded by Chicago's parks is further augmented by the Cook County Forest Preserves, a network of open spaces containing forest, prairie, wetland, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie along the city's outskirts,[274] including both the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe and the Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Spring 2016 Campus Climate Survey: Religion 5 Table 2: Religious Identity Groupings Use in Report Status Category Students Academics Staff Religious Affiliation Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Atheist 587 14% 163 16% 228 8% Christian 1,070 25% 214 21% 1,154 38% Jewish 238 6% 94 9% 87 3% Muslim 73 2% 6 1% 20 1% (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) performs at Symphony Center, and is recognized as one of the best orchestras in the world. [133][134][135] Summers are hot and humid, with frequent heat waves. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed. Seven mainline and four auxiliary interstate highways (55, 57, 65 (only in Indiana), 80 (also in Indiana), 88, 90 (also in Indiana), 94 (also in Indiana), 190, 290, 294, and 355) run through Chicago and its suburbs. Since 1999, Judge Mathis also films his syndicated arbitration-based reality court show at the NBC Tower. 236 faith groups were included in the 2010 edition. The American Medical Association, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, American Osteopathic Association, American Dental Association, Academy of General Dentistry, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Clinical Pathology, American College of Healthcare Executives, the American Hospital Association and Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association are all based in Chicago. [287] In 2013, the violent crime rate was 910 per 100,000 people;[289] the murder rate was 10.4 while high crime districts saw 38.9, low crime districts saw 2.5 murders per 100,000. All of its major franchises have won championships within recent years the Bears (1985), the Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, and 1998), the White Sox (2005), the Cubs (2016), the Blackhawks (2010, 2013, 2015), and the Fire (1998). With more than 370 religious bodies,over 350,000 congregations, and over 160 million adherents,the 2020 U.S. [126] Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found throughout Chicago. [68][69] The University of Chicago, formerly at another location, moved to the same South Side location in 1892. [129], Chicago is famous for its outdoor public art with donors establishing funding for such art as far back as Benjamin Ferguson's 1905 trust. Some Irish already lived in Chicago when it was incorporated as a city in 1837. Diocesan Priests (including active and retired): 683, Deacons: 652(includes active, active outside the diocese, seniors, and retired), Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women (ACCW), Immigrant Affairs and Immigration Education, Catholic population as percentage of total population of Cook and Lake counties: 35%, Weekend Masses Scheduled in Parishes and Missions: 1,194, Elementary schools (archdiocese-run):152, Elementary schools (non-archdiocese-run): 8, Secondary schools (non-archdiocese-run): 27, Enrollment in elementary school programs: 39,000, Enrollment in secondary school programs: 3,600, St. John Vianney College Seminary, St. Paul, MN, 5 Catholic colleges and universities serving 45,000 students. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white ), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. For these figures, anything under 0.25% displays as <0.3%. [247] Nonetheless, Chicagoans worked hard to create a literary tradition that would stand the test of time,[248] and create a "city of feeling" out of concrete, steel, vast lake, and open prairie. [243] The appetizer, which consists of a square of fried cheese, is doused with Metaxa and flambed table-side. [189] The Chicago metropolitan area has the third-largest science and engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the nation. 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Visit ChooseChicago.com, Chicago's Official Tourism Website. The availability of jobs attracted African Americans from the Southern United States. While the Chicago River historically handled much of the region's waterborne cargo, today's huge lake freighters use the city's Lake Calumet Harbor on the South Side. [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. On June 15, 1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as Receiver of Public Monies. Chicagoans have over 580 parks and 8,300 acres of green spaces at their disposal. Among the 17 largest metropolitan areas, New Yorks Jewish share is matched only by Miami (9%). Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they, Compare: [81], On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. Lincoln Park, on Chicagos North Side, attracts 20 million visitors annually. The Archdiocese of Chicago serves around 2.2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake Counties in Northeastern Illinois, a geographic area of 1,411 square miles. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Count White 1 Hispanic 2 Black Asian Mixed 1 Other 1 32.3% 878k 28.7% 779k 30.9% 840k 6.1% 165k 1.6% 44.1k 0.3% 8,346. However, it was less than in many smaller American cities, including New Orleans, Newark, and Detroit, although the latter has fallen substantially in recent years. The main ethnic groups in Chicago include Irish, German, Italian, Mexican, Assyrian, Arab, Bangladeshi, Jews, English, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Czech, Greek, Black, Korean, Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Albanian, Pakistani, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swedish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Belgian, Cuban, Vietnamese, and Puerto Rican. Standing Lincoln) and Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State (a.k.a. The normal winter high from December through March is about 36F (2C). One-in-ten Seattleites are self-identified atheists (10%), while 6% are agnostics. It produced the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom. [201][202][203] Citadel's CEO Ken Griffin, formerly the richest Illinois resident, had been engaged in a three-year feud with Illinois governor J. Among these are Chagall's Four Seasons; the Chicago Picasso; Miro's Chicago; Calder's Flamingo; Oldenburg's Batcolumn; Moore's Large Interior Form, 1953-54, Man Enters the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet's Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate which has become an icon of the city. It includes nineteen boulevards, eight parks, and six squares, along twenty-six miles of interconnected streets. [265] Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers 1,200 acres (490ha) and has over 20million visitors each year, making it third in the number of visitors after Central Park in New York City, and the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, D.C.[266], There is a historic boulevard system,[267] a network of wide, tree-lined boulevards which connect a number of Chicago parks. [44] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. 2,716,450 residents 50 wards 77 community areas 100 neighborhoods 8 major league sports teams, including two MLB teams United States President Barack Obama Chicago is a celebrated melting pot. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. [21][22] Chicago's culture includes the visual arts, literature, film, theater, comedy (especially improvisational comedy), food, dance (including modern dance and jazz troupes and the Joffrey Ballet), and music (particularly jazz, blues, soul, hip-hop, gospel,[23] and electronic dance music, including house music). [209] Chicago also ranks third in the U.S. (behind Las Vegas and Orlando) in number of conventions hosted annually. [217], The South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park is the home of former US President Barack Obama. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. [343] Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway. View the 2010 U.S. [224], In 2014[update], Chicago attracted 50.17million domestic leisure travelers, 11.09million domestic business travelers and 1.308million overseas visitors. [328] All three Chicago franchise shows are filmed locally throughout Chicago and maintain strong national viewership averaging 7 million viewers per show. [110] The South Side is the largest section of the city, encompassing roughly 60% of the city's land area. [27], The first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was trader Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Some can be seen from the Kennedy Expressway, other roadways, and public transportation routes, as well as from the neighborhood streets. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. Within the span of forty years, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1 million by 1890. The Pew Research Centers 2014 Religious Landscape Study was designed to look at the religious affiliations of Americans overall as well as those in all 50 states and the 17 largest metropolitan areas in the country. [309] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked second, Jones College Prep is third, and the oldest magnet school in the city, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, which was opened in 1975, is ranked fourth.